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. 2022 Sep 2;12:14961. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19304-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

The layout for module structure and synaptic connectivity in the BTC model. The BTC model comprises of three formations: brainstem module, thalamus module and cortex module. In the brainstem module there are two populations of superior colliculus (SC) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PNN). In the thalamus module there are thalamic relay nucleus (TRC), inhibitory interneurons (IN) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). In the cortex module there are pyramidal neurons(PY), excitatory interneurons (eIN), fast inhibitory interneurons (fIN) and slow inhibitory interneurons (sIN). Ret and Cor denote external visual inputs and adjacent cortical inputs respectively. Diamond represents excitatory inputs and circle represents inhibitory inputs.