Table 3.
Characteristics (independent variables) dichotomized according to Cesarean delivery and vaginal delivery (dependent variable) on bivariate or crude analysis and results following adjusted analysis incorporating all significant (p < 0.05) independent variables on crude analysis
| Variable | LGA (n = 99) | Non LGA (n = 901) | P Value | RR (95% CI) | Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95%CI) | P value | |||||
| HbA1c (%) | 5.4[5.1–5.6] | 5.3[5.1–5.6] | 0.17 | 1.43 (0.93–2.18) | 0.101 | |
| Gestational age (weeks, mean ± SD) | 39.1 ± 1.1 | 39.0 ± 1.1 | 0.55 | |||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 31.0 ± 4.5 | 30.6 ± 4.6 | 0.43 | |||
| Parity category | 0.068 | |||||
| 0 | 29 (29.3%) | 367 (40.7%) | ||||
| 1 | 37 (37.4%) | 288 (32.0%) | ||||
| 2 | 16 (16.2%) | 150 (16.6%) | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 17 (17.2%) | 96 (10.7%) | ||||
| Previous miscarriage | 23 (23.2%) | 189 (21.0%) | 0.60 | 1.11 (0.76–1.62) | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.81 | |||||
| Malay | 66 (66.7%) | 555 (61.6%) | ||||
| Chinese | 11 (11.1%) | 116 (12.9%) | ||||
| Indian | 10 (10.1%) | 106 (11.8%) | ||||
| Others | 12 (12 .1%) | 124 (13.8%) | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 29.9 ± 4.8 | 28.8 ± 4.9 | 0.022 | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.048 | |
| Hemoglobin < 11 g/dL | 30 (30.3%) | 182 (20.2%) | 0.02 | 1.50 (1.08–2.08) | 1.74 (1.09–2.78) | 0.021 |
| Medical and obstetric history | ||||||
| Diabetes in pregnancy | 23 (23.2%) | 219 (24.3%) | 0.81 | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | ||
| Antiglycemic | 7 (7.1%) | 63 (7.0%) | 0.98 | 1.01 (0.48–2.15) | ||
| Asthma | 5 (5.1%) | 48 (5.3%) | 0.91 | 0.95 (0.39–2.33) | ||
| Hypertension in pregnancy | 6 (6.1%) | 43 (4.8%) | 0.57 | 1.27 (0.56–2.91) | ||
| Group B streptococcus carriage | 12 (12.1%) | 47 (5.2%) | 0.006 | 2.32 (1.28–4.23) | 2.71 (1.37–5.38) | 0.004 |
| Thalassemia trait | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (1.1%) | 0.29 | * | ||
| HIV or Hepatitis B infection | 1 (1.0%) | 8 (0.9%) | 0.61 | 1.14 (0.14–9.00) | ||
| Previous Cesarean | 17 (17.2%) | 148 (16.4%) | 0.85 | 1.05 (0.66–1.65) | ||
| Induction of labor | 16 (16.2%) | 190 (21.1%) | 0.25 | 0.77 (0.48–1.17) | ||
Values are stated as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range] or n (%). Crude analysis by t test for continuous data, Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data and Chi Square test for categoric variable, Adjustment made utilizing multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of significant independent variable with adjusted results shown if variable incorporated in the model