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. 2022 Sep 4;20:388. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03607-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — circ_0012381 from irradiated GBM cell-derived exosomes induced the M2 polarization of microglia and inhibited phagocytosis. A The massive circRNAs were significantly different in exosomes secreted by irradiated GBM cells compared with exosomes secreted by non-irradiated GBM cells. As well, compared with HMC3 cells that phagocytized exosomes secreted by non-irradiated GBM cells, a lot of circRNAs were significantly different in HMC3 cells which phagocytized exosomes from irradiated GBM cells. B The number of the overlapping upregulated circRNAs was 37 in 2 heat maps. C Upregulation of circ_0012381 was the most significantly in 37 circRNAs. D RT-PCR identified that radiation upregulated the level of circ_0012381 of U251 and HMC3 in co-cultuer system. E Circ_0012381 increased TGFβ, CCL2, IL-1, IL-10, and CD163 expression and decreased TNFα expression in HMC3 cells. F Circ_0012381 inhibited the phagocytic capability of HMC3 cells