TABLE 2.
Model costs, utility estimates, and other parameters.
| Parameter | Distribution | US | China | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment cost | Value (range), USD | Reference | Value (range), USD | Reference | ||
| Atezolizumab (per 1,200 mg) | Gamma | 9,569.88 (7,177–9,569.88) | Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services, (2022) | 5,073.55 (3,805.16–5,073.55) | Yaozh, (2022) | |
| Gemcitabine (per 200 mg) | Gamma | 70.98 (53.24–88.73) | Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services, (2022) | 7.17 (5.38–8.96) | Yaozh, (2022) | |
| Cisplatin (per 10 mg) | Gamma | 1.77 (1.33–2.21) | Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services, (2022) | 1.17 (0.88–1.46) | Yaozh, (2022) | |
| Carboplatin (per 50 mg) | Gamma | 2.643 (1.98–3.30) | Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services, (2022) | 12.22 (9.17–15.28) | Yaozh, (2022) | |
| Administration (per cycle) | Gamma | 399.88 (299.91–499.85) | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, (2022) | 61.72 (46.29–77.15) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Best supportive care (per cycle) | Gamma | 6,199.62 (4,649.72–7,749.53) | Aly et al. (2019) | 1,415.02 (1,061.27–1,768.78) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Terminal care | Gamma | 11,820 (8,865–14,775) | Wu et al. (2018) | 2,099.15 (1,574.36–2,623.94) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| AE unit costs | Value (range), USD [in 2015, USD] | Reference | Value (range), USD | Reference | ||
| Neutrophil count decreased | Gamma | 51,308 (38,481–64,135) [43,707] | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (2022) | 104.95 (78.71–131.19) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Neutropenia | Gamma | 51,337 (38,503–64,171) [43,732] | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (2022) | 526.90 (395.18–658.63) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Anemia | Gamma | 36,264 (27,198–45,330) [30,892] | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (2022) | 607.06 (455.30–758.83) | Liu et al. (2021) | |
| Thrombocytopenia | Gamma | 45,332 (33,999–56,665) [38,617] | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (2022) | 4,082.99 (3,062.24–5,103.74) | Lang et al. (2020) | |
| Utility estimate | Value (range) | Reference | ||||
| Progression-free disease | Beta | 0.80 (0.77–0.82) | Hale et al. (2021) | |||
| Progressive disease | Beta | 0.75 (0.70–0.79) | Hale et al. (2021) | |||
| Other parameter | Value (range) | Reference | Value (range) | Reference | ||
| Body surface area, m2 | Normal | 1.85 (1.49–2.21) | Slater et al. (2020) | 1.72 (1.50–1.90) | Lu et al. (2017) | |
| Proportion of cisplatin in the initial treatment regimen | Value (range) | Reference | ||||
| AC group | Beta | 30% (22.5%–37.5%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
| PC group | Beta | 34% (25.5%–42.5%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
| Proportion of carboplatin in the initial treatment regimen | Value (range) | Reference | ||||
| AC group | Beta | 70% (62.5%–77.5%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
| PC group | Beta | 66% (57.5%–74.5%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
| Proportion of patients receiving subsequent therapy | Value (range) | Reference | ||||
| AC group | Beta | 26% (19.5%–32.5%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
| PC group | Beta | 41% (30.8%–51.3%) | Galsky et al. (2020) | |||
The costs of AEs presented in this table were paid on a per-event basis. All costs reported for years prior to 2021 are updated to December 2021 USD using the American and Chinese CPI. All costs sourced from China in this study were converted into US dollars ($1 = RMB 6.4649, average exchange rate from January to October 2021).
AC, atezolizumab plus chemotherapy; PC, placebo plus chemotherapy; AEs, adverse events; CPI, Consumer Price Index; USD, US dollars; CMS, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.