TABLE 3.

Clinical studies on garlic constituents in cancer prevention and intervention.

Subjects	Types of study	Population of study	No. of patients	Intervention	Key findings	References
Breast cancer patient	Randomized intervention trial	United States	153	39.0%–69.5% garlic diet	Improved adherence to a Mediterranean style	Zuniga et al. (2019)
Individuals with gastric lesion	Factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	China	4,326	AGE 400 mg	Reduction of burden of gastric cancer in high risk areas	Gail and You, (2006)
Gastric cancer patient	Factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	China	3,411	4 capsules/day	Elevated concentration of serum folate	Wang et al. (2009)
Colorectal cancer patient	Comparison based study	Germany	57,560	One bulb/day	Condensed colorectal adenoma risk	Dreher, (2018)
Healthy adults	Case-control	China	966 men and 700 women	—	Condensed colorectal adenoma risk	Wu et al. (2019)
Lung cancer patient and healthy adults	Case-control	China	5,967	garlic compounds 33.4 g per week	Chemopreventive effect	Jin et al. (2013)
Hematological patients	Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	Israel	95	900 mg/day	No significant effects in the entire cohort	Gatt et al. (2015)
Healthy adults	Randomized crossover feeding trial	United States	17	—	Activated genes correlated to apoptosis, immunity, and xenobiotic metabolism	Charron et al. (2015)