Table 1.
Demographic and clinical information about the two study groups.
| Cohort #1 (non-dementia subjects) |
Cohort #2 (Dementia subtype iNPH) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good sleepers | Poor sleepers | Significance | Good sleepers | Poor sleepers | Significance | |
| N | 17 | 27 | 12 | 12 | ||
| Sex (F/M) | 10/7 | 19/8 | ns | 2/10 | 4/8 | ns |
| Age (years) | 42.7 ± 15.1 | 42.0 ± 14.3 | ns | 70.7 ± 5.4 | 71.3 ± 4.7 | ns |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 3.7 | 27.1 ± 5.4 | ns | 28.2 ± 4.5 | 26.9 ± 4.4 | ns |
| Cognitive measures | – | – | ||||
| iNPH subscore 1 | – | – | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | ns | |
| MMSE 2 | – | – | 23.0 ± 4.3 | 25.9 ± 2.5 | ns | |
| Sleep quality | ||||||
| PSQI Global score | 3.35 ± 1.00 | 11.15 ± 2.85 | P < 0.001 | 3.75 ± 1.29 | 8.33 ± 2.19 | P < 0.001 |
| PSQI Sub-categories | ||||||
| Sleep duration | 0.18 ± 0.39 | 1.33 ± 1.14 | P < 0.001 | 0.42 ± 0.90 | 0.83 ± 0.84 | ns |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.04 ± 0.19 | ns | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | ns |
| Sleep onset latency | 0.41 ± 0.51 | 2.11 ± 0.97 | P < 0.001 | 0.42 ± 0.52 | 1.67 ± 1.08 | P = 0.001 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 0.88 ± 0.33 | 1.26 ± 0.53 | P = 0.012 | 1.00 ± 0.43 | 1.00 ± 0.43 | ns |
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 0.18 ± 0.53 | 1.81 ± 1.08 | P < 0.001 | 0.25 ± 0.45 | 1.67 ± 0.98 | P < 0.001 |
| Subjective sleep quality | 0.71 ± 0.59 | 2.11 ± 0.75 | P < 0.001 | 0.42 ± 0.52 | 1.25 ± 0.45 | P < 0.001 |
| Use of sleep medication | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.48 ± 1.31 | P < 0.001 | 0.25 ± 0.62 | 0.83 ± 1.34 | ns |
| Biomarkers of neurodegeneration | ||||||
| ERC thickness (mm) | 2.41 ± 0.23 | 2.33 ± 0.27 | ns | 2.16 ± 0.19 | 1.74 ± 0.30 | P < 0.001 |
| Grade 0 | 5 (29%) | 11 (41%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Grade 1 | 11 (65%) | 13 (48%) | 0 | 1 (8%) | ||
| Scheltens MTA | ||||||
| Grade 2 | 1 (6%) | 3 (11%) | ns | 9 (75%) | 8 (67%) | ns |
| Grade 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 (25%) | 3 (25%) | ||
| Brain volume measures | ||||||
| Volume Cerebral cortex (ml) | 500 ± 45 | 504 ± 43 | ns | 497 ± 37 | 464 ± 37 | P = 0.019 |
| Volume frontal cortex (ml) | 197 ± 22 | 200 ± 19 | ns | 197 ± 17 | 184 ± 17 | P = 0.031 |
| Volume temporal cortex (ml) | 108 ± 11 | 107 ± 10 | ns | 104 ± 9 | 97 ± 6 | P = 0.020 |
| Volume parietal cortex (ml) | 140 ± 12 | 140 ± 14 | ns | 140 ± 13 | 130 ± 12 | P = 0.037 |
| Volume occipital cortex (ml) | 55 ± 6 | 56 ± 7 | ns | 56 ± 4 | 53 ± 7 | ns |
| Volume 4th ventricle (ml) | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | ns | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | ns |
| Volume 3rd ventricles (ml) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | ns | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | ns |
| Volume lateral ventricles (ml) | 36 ± 25 | 27 ± 21 | ns | 145 ± 33 | 155 ± 66 | ns |
Categorical data presented as numbers; continuous data presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significant differences between groups were determined by independent samples t-test for continuous data and by Pearson Chi-square test for categorical data. Ns: non-significant. The subjective sleep quality from Day 1 to Day 2 is indicated. Cortical brain volume measures refer to gray matter.