Table 1C.
Comparison of CSHQ of different age groups during the lockdown and pre-lockdown periods.
| CSHQ variables | Under 12 years old (N = 136) | Above 12 years old (N = 81) | p2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-test | post-test | p1 | pre-test | post-test | p1 | ||
| (pre-lockdown) | (lockdown) | (pre-lockdown) | (lockdown) | ||||
| Sleep time (pm) | 21:50 | 21:58 | 22:28 | 22:52 | |||
| Awake time (am) | 6:55 | 7:39 | 6:57 | 8:01 | |||
| Total sleep time (minutes) | 545.7 ± 58.75 | 576 ± 58.92 | 0.000* | 478.63 ± 47.7 | 568.18 ± 89.53 | 0.008* | 0.012* |
| Bedtime resistance | 9.00 ± 2.69 | 9.32 ± 3.05 | 0.151 | 7.00 ± 1.38 | 7.64 ± 2.19 | 0.188 | 0.543 |
| Sleep onset delay | 1.53 ± 0.71 | 1.69 ± 0.80 | 0.019* | 1.36 ± 0.66 | 1.50 ± 0.60 | 0.329 | 0.901 |
| Sleep anxiety | 6.31 ± 2.17 | 6.38 ± 2.27 | 0.697 | 4.91 ± 1.41 | 5.00 ± 1.88 | 0.765 | 0.955 |
| Sleep duration | 4.74 ± 1.57 | 4.40 ± 1.33 | 0.046* | 5.71 ± 1.65 | 5.38 ± 1.60 | 0.398 | 0.994 |
| Parasomnias | 8.99 ± 1.90 | 8.69 ± 1.80 | 0.063 | 8.60 ± 1.57 | 8.00 ± 1.52 | 0.104 | 0.463 |
| Night wakenings | 3.91 ± 1.47 | 3.93 ± 1.33 | 0.821 | 3.45 ± 0.80 | 3.73 ± 1.49 | 0.342 | 0.420 |
| Sleep disordered breathing | 3.93 ± 1.24 | 3.65 ± 1.10 | 0.009* | 4.18 ± 1.56 | 4.23 ± 1.51 | 0.877 | 0.225 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 14.01 ± 3.43* | 12.80 ± 3.17 | 0.001* | 14.43 ± 2.71 | 12.95 ± 3.19 | 0.146 | 0.773 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; p1, paired t-test; p2, independent t test; *p < 0.05.
CSHQ, Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, higher scores indicate more sleep problems, except for Sleep Duration; a higher score in Sleep Duration indicates less of a sleep duration problem.