Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants according to the frequency of playing cards/mahjong and Dementia status at end of follow-up at baseline.
| Characteristics | Frequency of playing cards/mahjong | Dementia status at end of follow-up | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rarely or never | Sometimes, at least once a month | Regularly, at least once a week | Almost everyday | P value for difference | No dementia | Dementia | P value for difference | |
| Participant (n) | 10,280 | 579 | 405 | 557 | 11,000 | 821 | ||
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 90 (81–98) | 81 (71–89) | 88 (80–94) | 80 (71–88) | <0.001 | 89 (79–97) | 90 (82–96) | 0.0052 |
| Sex, Female (n, %) | 6,175 (60.1) | 217 (37.5) | 158 (39.0) | 228 (41.0) | <0.001 | 6,248 (56.8) | 530 (64.6) | <0.001 |
| No schooling received (n, %) | 7,810 (76.0) | 331 (57.1) | 218 (53.8) | 283 (50.8) | <0.001 | 8,013 (72.9) | 629 (76.6) | 0.0188 |
| Married (n, %) | 2,706 (26.3) | 280 (48.3) | 187 (46.1) | 267 (48.0) | <0.001 | 3,249 (29.5) | 191 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| Household income (RMB) | <0.001 | 0.4584 | ||||||
| Low (≤10,000) | 4,666 (45.4) | 190 (32.8) | 142 (35.1) | 214 (38.4) | 4,836 (44.0) | 376 (45.8) | ||
| Middle (10,000–30,000) | 3,851 (37.5) | 256 (44.2) | 183 (45.2) | 253 (45.4) | 4,244 (38.6) | 299 (36.4) | ||
| High (≥30,000) | 1,763 (17.2) | 133 (23.0) | 80 (19.7) | 90 (16.1) | 1,920 (17.5) | 146 (17.8) | ||
| Current smoker (n, %) | 1,619 (15.8) | 144 (24.9) | 136 (33.6) | 188 (33.8) | <0.001 | 1,967 (17.9) | 120 (14.6) | 0.0179 |
| Current drinker (n, %) | 1,679 (16.3) | 152 (26.2) | 113 (28.0) | 178 (32.0) | <0.001 | 1,996 (18.2) | 126 (15.4) | 0.0439 |
| Regular exercise (n, %) | 2,322 (22.5) | 215 (37.1) | 171 (42.2) | 278 (59.9) | <0.001 | 2,782 (25.3) | 193 (23.5) | 0.2561 |
| Living with family members, (n, %) | 8,596 (83.6) | 488 (84.3) | 336 (83.0) | 452 (81.2) | 0.4432 | 9,204 (83.7) | 668 (81.4) | 0.0855 |
| BMI (kg/m2) group (n, %) | <0.001 | 0.8329 | ||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 3,892 (37.9) | 128 (22.1) | 90 (22.2) | 135 (24.2) | 3,959 (36.0) | 286 (34.9) | ||
| Normal (18.5–23.9) | 5,164 (50.2) | 351 (60.6) | 242 (59.8) | 322 (57.8) | 5,653 (51.4) | 426 (51.9) | ||
| Overweight (24–27.9) | 953 (9.3) | 84 (14.5) | 58 (14.3) | 84 (15.1) | 1,091 (9.9) | 88 (10.7) | ||
| Obese (≥28) | 271 (2.6) | 16 (2.8) | 15 (3.7) | 16 (2.9) | 297 (2.7) | 21 (2.6) | ||
| MMSE score, median (IQR) | 24 (13–29) | 29 (26–30) | 29 (26–30) | 27 (24–29) | <0.001 | 25 (16–29) | 23 (11–28) | <0.001 |
| MMES<18 (n, %) | 3,255 (31.7) | 34 (5.9) | 25 (6.2) | 19 (3.4) | <0.001 | 3,037 (27.6) | 296 (36.1) | <0.001 |
| MMES >= 18 (n, %) | 7,025 (68.3) | 545 (94.1) | 380 (93.8) | 538 (96.6) | 7,963 (72.4) | 525 (63.9) | ||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1,873 (18.2) | 108 (18.7) | 89 (22.0) | 119 (21.3) | 0.0781 | 2,010 (18.3) | 179 (21.8) | 0.0120 |
| Type 2 diabetes (n, %) | 192 (1.9) | 15 (2.6) | 9 (2.2) | 19 (3.4) | 0.0516 | 216 (2.0) | 19 (2.3) | 0.4875 |
Data are n, median (IQR), or n (%).