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. 2022 Aug;11(8):1398–1407. doi: 10.21037/tp-22-410

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2022 Translational Pediatrics. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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EE alleviated NMS-induced visceral pain, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. After EE intervention starting from birth, (A) the visceral pain threshold and (B) sucrose intake percentage of NMS mice were greatly increased on P40 and P60 compared to the group without EE. (C) Representative open field photos. (D,E) EE greatly increased the center distance and center time of NMS mice on P40 and P60 in the OFT compared to the group without EE. (F) The total distance was not different between the four groups. All data were expressed as mean ± SD. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01. EE, environmental enrichment; NMS, neonatal maternal separation; OFT, open field test; SD, standard deviation.