Table 2.
BTG1 and BTG2 function as a tumor suppressor in various cancers
| Type of cancer | Observation | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| BL, FL, DLBCL, HBL* | BTG1 or BTG2 are frequently mutated or deleted | (57, 58, 61, 68-71) | |
| ALL | Deletion of BTG1 can be a cancer driver gene in leukemogenesis | Excessive proliferation due to deletion of BTG1 where RAG1/RAG2 mediated recombination occurs | (62) |
| AML | BTG1 is downregulated | Ectopic expression of BTG1inhibits proliferation | (72) |
| Liver cancer | BTG2 expression is downregulated | BTG1 is downregulated by miR-511 overexpression, promoting proliferation of hepatoma cells | (52) |
| BTG1 expression is downregulated | (73) | ||
| Breast cancer | BTG1 expression is downregulated | (40) | |
| BTG2 can affect radiation-induced apoptosis | Lack of BTG2 induces overexpression of cyclin D1 | (9) | |
| Ovarian cancer | Downregulation of BTG2 is associated with poor prognosis | BTG2 inhibits proliferation and cell-cycle via AKT and ERK signaling | (74) |
| Laryngeal carcinoma | BTG2 expression is downregulated | BTG2 is suppressed via miR-21 | (75) |
| Gastric cancer | BTG2 expression is downregulated | BTG2 is suppressed via miR-27a-3p | (76) |
| Colorectal cancer | BTG1 expression is downregulated | Post-transcriptional suppression of BTG1 by miR-22 might balance between autophagy and apoptosis | (51) |
| Lung epithelial cancer | Ectopic expression of BTG2 inhibits the growth, proliferation | By reducing the expression of cyclin D1, MMP-1 and MMP-2 | (27) |
| Bladder cancer | Ectopic expression of BTG2 induces a switch from senescence to apoptosis | By translocating of p53 protein | (48) |
*BL: Burkitt lymphoma, FL: Follicular lymphoma, HBL: High-grade B cell lymphoma, DLBCL: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, ALL: Acute lymphocytic leukemia, AML: Acute myeloid leukemia.