Table 4.
Complications in children who received a tracheostomy between 1985 and 1994, between 1995 and 2004, and between 2005 and 2014.
| Complication | Decade n (%) |
p-Valuea |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985–1994 | 1995–2004 | 2005–2014 | Total | 1985–1994 vs. 1995–2004 | 1985–1994 vs. 2005–2014 | 1995–2004 vs. 2005–2014 | |
| n = 480 | n = 1150 | n = 4303 | n = 5933 | ||||
| Obstruction of the cannula | 20 (4.2) | 87 (7.6) | 132 (3.1) | 239 (4.0) | 0.012b | 0.193 | <0.001b |
| Accidental decannulation | 15 (3.1) | 60 (5.2) | 112 (2.6) | 187 (3.1) | 0.066 | 0.004b | <0.001b |
| Bleeding | 3 (0.6) | 5 (0.4) | 29 (0.7) | 37 (0.6) | 0.616 | 0.901 | 0.36 |
| Subcutaneous mphysema | – | 7 (0.6) | 8 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | – | – | 0.015b |
| Pneumothorax | 27 (5.6) | 15 (1.3) | 27 (0.6) | 69 (1.2) | <0.001b | <0.001b | 0.02b |
| Pneumomediastinum | 15 (3.1) | 11 (1.0) | 13 (0.3) | 39 (0.7) | 0.001b | <0.001b | 0.003b |
| Granuloma | 14 (2.9) | 212 (18.4) | 206 (4.8) | 432 (7.3) | <0.001b | 0.063 | <0.001b |
| Tracheomalacia | 1 (0.2) | 7 (0.6) | 10 (0.2) | 18 (0.3) | 0.292 | 0.917 | 0.042b |
| Infection | 1 (0.2) | 122 (10.6) | 194 (4.5) | 317 (5.3) | <0.001b | 0.453 | <0.001b |
| Stromal collapse | – | – | 14 (0.3) | 14 (0.2) | – | – | – |
| Post-decannulation tracheocutaneous fistula | 13 (2.7) | 121 (10.5) | 53 (1.2) | 187 (3.1) | <0.001b | 0.009b | <0.001b |
| Stenosis | 12 (2.5) | 7 (0.6) | 60 (1.4) | 79 (1.3) | 0.001b | 0.059 | 0.032b |
Note: Dashes represent “0,” “not reported” or “statistical analysis not possible”.
a
Chi-square test.
b
p < 0.05.