Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.
| Characteristic | N (181) | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 65 | 35.9 |
| Male | 116 | 64.1 |
| Age range | ||
| 18–59 years | 125 | 69.1 |
| 60–69 years | 27 | 14.9 |
| 70–79 years | 18 | 9.9 |
| Older than 80 years | 11 | 6.1 |
| Underlying diseasea | ||
| Cardiac | 14 | 7.7 |
| Pulmonary | 55 | 30.4 |
| Others | 119 | 65.7 |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||
| Absence of comorbidities | 59 | 32.6 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 18 | 9.9 |
| Chronic diseases | 107 | 59.1 |
| Respiratory diseases | 28 | 15.5 |
| Others | 37 | 20.4 |
| Reason for OTIa | ||
| Sensory decrease/CRA | 38 | 21.0 |
| ARF | 73 | 40.3 |
| Surgical procedure | 57 | 31.5 |
| Hypovolemic/hemorrhagic shock | 20 | 11.0 |
| PNM | ||
| No | 141 | 77.9 |
| Yes | 40 | 22.1 |
| Glasgow scale | ||
| 9–12 | 7 | 3.9 |
| 13–15 | 174 | 96.1 |
| Listening comprehension | ||
| Can follow simple conversation/instruction with repetition | 15 | 8.3 |
| Can follow normal conversation with a little difficulty | 10 | 5.5 |
| No abnormality | 156 | 82.6 |
| Vocal quality | ||
| Harsh, wet voice, difficulty in controlling pitch and intensity | 77 | 42.5 |
| Slight impairment, mild hoarseness | 35 | 19.3 |
| No abnormality | 69 | 38.1 |
a
Non-exclusionary variables.
N, number of participants; OTI, orotracheal intubation; CRA, cardiorespiratory arrest; ARF, acute respiratory failure; PNM, pneumonia.