Table 1.
Meta-analysis results of AEs
| AEs | Stem cell types | Number of studies | Incidence | Heterogeneity (I2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AEs of the nervous system | ||||
| Neuropathic pain | Total | 20 | 25.2% [14.2%, 37.8%] | 84.514% |
| BMSCs | 17 | 27.9% [15.1, 42.5] | 86.636% | |
| UCMSCs | 2 | 14.0 [2.6, 30.5] | 0.0% | |
| NSCs | 1 | 8.3 [0.2, 38.5] | / | |
| Abnormal feeling | Total | 4 | 24.8% [10.5%, 41.8%] | 0.0% |
| BMSCs | 4 | 24.8% [10.5%, 41.8%] | 0.0% | |
| Fever | Total | 18 | 15.5% [10.0%, 21.8%] | 80.528% |
| BMSCs | 9 | 18.6% [7.1%, 33.2%] | 83.669% | |
| UCMSCs | 5 | 11.6% [8.4%, 15.1%] | 0.0% | |
| HSCs | 3 | 8.9% [0%, 26.8%] | 94.602 | |
| ESCs | 1 | 13.2% [8.9%, 18.7%] | / | |
| CBSCs | 1 | 12.0% [2.5%, 31.2%] | / | |
| Headache | Total | 19 | 13.5% [8.4%, 19.5%] | 80.332% |
| BMSCs | 10 | 16.2% [8.1%, 25.9%] | 70.036% | |
| UCMSCs | 4 | 5.5% [0.6%, 13.4%] | 44.522% | |
| NSCs | 2 | 19.2% [7.9%, 33.4%] | 0.0% | |
| ADMSCs | 1 | 21.4% [4.7%, 50.8%] | / | |
| ESCs | 1 | 11.3% [7.3%, 16.4%] | / | |
| HSCs | 1 | 12.4% [8.2%, 17.7%] | / | |
| Abnormal autonomic reflexes | Total | 1 | 10.3% [2.2%, 27.4%] | / |
| NSCs | 1 | 10.3% [2.2%, 27.4%] | / | |
| Cerebrospinal fluid leak | Total | 3 | 7.7% [1.7%, 16.3%] | 0.0% |
| BMSCs | 2 | 5.8% [0%, 17.4%] | 0.0% | |
| NSCs | 1 | 10.3% [2.2%, 27.4%] | / | |
| Meningismus | Total | 1 | 3.5% [1.4%, 7.0%] | / |
| HSCs | 1 | 3.5% [1.4%, 7.0%] | / | |
| Pseudomeningocele | Total | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / |
| NSCs | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / | |
| Lethargy | Total | 1 | 2.0% [0.5%, 5.0%] | / |
| HSCs | 1 | 2.0% [0.5%, 5.0%] | / | |
| Dizziness | Total | 2 | 1.9% [0.9%, 3.2%] | 57.3% |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 1.3% [0.4%, 3.0%] | / | |
| HSCs | 1 | 3.5% [1.4%, 7.0%] | / | |
| Mental disorder | Total | 2 | 1.0% [0%, 3.2%] | 77.7% |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 20.0% [5.7%, 43.7%] | / | |
| HSCs | 1 | 1.0% [0.1%, 3.5%] | / | |
| AEs of the musculoskeletal system | ||||
| Muscle spasms | Total | 11 | 25.5% [13.2%, 39.8%] | 90.162% |
| BMSCs | 8 | 24.1% [10.5%, 40.6%] | 84.328% | |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 24.1% [10.3%, 43.5%] | / | |
| NSCs | 1 | 5.3% [0.1%, 26.0%] | / | |
| HSCs | 1 | 54.5% [47.3, 61.5%] | / | |
| Increased muscle tone | Total | 4 | 18.8% [0.2%, 51.3%] | 92.790% |
| BMSCs | 3 | 29.8% [12.3%, 50.6%] | 52.086% | |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 1.6% [0.6%, 3.4%] | / | |
| Lower limb muscle atrophy | Total | 1 | 16.7% [0.4%, 64.1%] | / |
| BMSCs | 1 | 16.7% [0.4%, 64.1%] | / | |
| Osteoporosis | Total | 1 | 15.0% [3.2%, 37.9%] | / |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 15.0% [3.2%, 37.9%] | / | |
| Back pain | Total | 1 | 4.5% [0.1%, 22.8%] | / |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 4.5% [0.1%, 22.8%] | / | |
| Seizures | Total | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / |
| NSCs | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / | |
| AEs of the digestive system | ||||
| Vomit | Total | 3 | 21.6% [8.9%, 37.2%] | 0.0% |
| BMSCs | 1 | 23.1% [5.0%, 53.8%] | / | |
| ADMSCs | 1 | 21.4% [4.7%, 50.8%] | / | |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 20.0% [2.5%, 55.6%] | / | |
| Gastrointestinal dysfunction | Total | 4 | 10.8% [0.1%, 31.5%] | 90.061% |
| BMSCs | 2 | 14.3% [5.7%, 25.6%] | 0.0% | |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 30.0% [11.9%, 54.3%] | / | |
| ESCs | 1 | 1.0% [0.1%, 3.5%] | / | |
| Nausea | Total | 2 | 0.5% [0%, 2.5%] | 71.1% |
| ADMSCs | 1 | 21.4% [4.7%, 50.8%] | / | |
| ESCs | 1 | 1.0% [0.1%, 3.5%] | / | |
| AEs of the cardiovascular system | ||||
| Hypertension | Total | 2 | 12.7% [8.7%, 17.3%] | 61.1% |
| BMSCs | 1 | 7.0% [1.5%, 19.1%] | / | |
| HSCs | 1 | 14.4% [9.8%, 20.0%] | / | |
| Low blood pressure | Total | 1 | 5.9% [3.1%, 10.1%] | / |
| HSCs | 1 | 5.9% [3.1%, 10.1%] | / | |
| Deep vein thrombosis | Total | 1 | 5.0% [0.1%, 24.9%] | / |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 5.0% [0.1%, 24.9%] | / | |
| Postoperative sepsis | Total | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / |
| NSCs | 1 | 3.4% [0.1%, 17.8%] | / | |
| Other AEs | ||||
| Urinary tract infection | Total | 3 | 23.7% [13.5%, 35.5%] | 0.0% |
| ADMSCs | 1 | 21.4% [4.7%, 50.8%] | / | |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 25.0% [8.7%, 49.1%] | / | |
| NSCs | 1 | 24.1% [10.3%, 43.5%] | / | |
| Lung infection | Total | 1 | 20.0% [5.7%, 43.7%] | / |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 20.0% [5.7%, 43.7%] | / | |
| Pressure ulcer | Total | 2 | 14.1% [5.2%, 25.8%] | 0.0% |
| UCMSCs | 1 | 10.0% [1.2%, 31.7%] | / | |
| NSCs | 1 | 17.2% [5.8%, 35.8%] | / | |
| Itching and rash | Total | 2 | 1.6% [0.2%, 3.9%] | 80.0% |
| BMSCs | 1 | 14.3% [4.8%, 30.3] | / | |
| ESCs | 1 | 1.0% [0.1%, 3.5%] | / | |