Table 1.

Post-hoc evaluation of antioxidant activity among study groups

Pair-wise comparison groups	Mean difference	P value	95% confidence interval
			Lower bound	Upper bound
Group I
Group II	− 3.867	.000¶	− 5.35	− 2.39
Group III	− 4.400	.000¶	− 5.88	− 2.92
Group IV	− 2.533	.000¶	− 4.01	− 1.05
Group II
Group I	3.867	.000¶	2.39	5.35
Group III	− .533	.776	− 2.01	.95
Group IV	1.333	.092	− .15	2.81
Group III
Group I	4.400	.000¶	2.92	5.88
Group II	.533	.776	− .95	2.01
Group IV	1.867	.008€	.39	3.35
Group IV
Group I	2.533	.000¶	1.05	4.01
Group II	− 1.333	.092	− 2.81	.15
Group III	− 1.867	.008€	− 3.35	− .39

Group I: Carrageenan hydrogel (without any addition of cissus quadran-gularis; Group II: Carrageenan hydrogel with 10% w/v of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extracts; Group III: Carrageenan hydrogel with 20% w/v of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extracts; Group IV: Carrageenan hydrogel with 30% w/v of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extracts; Intergroup comparison was carried out with one-way ANOVA, which showed a statistically significant difference in antioxidant activity

^¶p < 0.001; ^€P < 0.01