Table 3.
JBI Critical appraisal checklist for quasi-experimental studies.
| Phillips et al.31 | Fornos et al.8 | Pelizzone et al.3 | Guinand et al.32 | Guinand et al.1 | Van de Berg et al.16 | Phillips et al.13 | Guinand et al.33 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is it clear in the study what is the “cause” and what is the “effect” (i.e. there is no confusion about which variable comes first)? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Were the participants included in any comparisons similar? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Were the participants included in any comparisons receiving similar treatment/care, other than the exposure or intervention of interest? | Y | Y | NA | N | N | Y | Y | N |
| Was there a control group? | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Were there multiple measurements of the outcome both pre and post the intervention/exposure? | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Was follow up complete and if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Were the outcomes of participants included in any comparisons measured in the same way? | Y | Y | Y | Y | NA | Y | Y | Y |
| Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Was appropriate statistical analysis used? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Bias risk (%) | 100% | 100% | 87.5% | 77.77% | 62.5% | 88.88% | 100% | 88.8% |
Y, Yes; N, No; U, Unclear; NA, Not applicable.