Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of patients with vocal fold leukoplakia.

Variables	Total	Low risk	High risk	p
Age (years)		53.46 ± 10.05	59.34 ± 8.89	<0.001a
<60	218 (58.4%)	83	135	<0.001b
≥60	157 (41.6%)	28	129
Gender				0.400b
Male	364 (97.1%)	109	255
Female	11 (2.9%)	2	9
Site				0.395b
Unilateral	283 (75.5%)	87	196
Bilateral	92 (24.5%)	24	68
Size				<0.001b
<50%	252 (67.2%)	107	15
≥50%	123 (32.8%)	4	119
Anterior commissure involved				0.126b
Yes	16 (4.3%)	2	14
No	359 (95.7%)	109	250
Clinical type
Flat and smooth	25 (6.7%)	25	0	p1 < 0.001c
Elevated and smooth	154 (41.0%)	71	83	p2 < 0.001c
Rough	196 (52.3%)	15	181	p3 < 0.001c

^aStudent's t test.

^bChi-square test.

^cKruskal–Wallis test followed by Nemenyi test (p₁, flat and smooth vs. elevated and smooth; p₂, elevated and smooth vs. rough; p₃, rough vs. flat and smooth).