Fig. 3.

Effects of NRICM102 on changes in S1 protein expression and lung inflammation (at 72 hr) in S1 protein-induced lung injury in K18-hACE2 mice. Typical confocal images from lung tissue showing (A) S1 expression (G, green) and CD11b positive leukocytes infiltration (O, orange)-associated activation of the inflammatory transcription factor p-NFκB (P65) (R, red, pP65). The arrow indicates strong inflammation with extensive colocalization of CD11b and pP65 staining. (B) TLR4 expression (G, green and IL-6 (O, orange)-associated CD11b positive leukocytes infiltration (R, red). (C) MPO expression (G, green) and Ly6G positive leukocytes infiltration (R, red). The arrow indicates strong inflammation with extensive colocalization of MPO and Ly6G staining. (D) Statistical summary of fluorescence staining (relative stained area or cell no. [%]) for some selected markers. The experimental animals were divided into 3 subgroups as described in the legend for Fig. 2A. The data are the mean±SEM (n = 3 for each group). * p < 0.05 compared with the corresponding S1+saline group by one-way ANOVA followed by the S-N-K t-test.