Comparison 1. Intranasal steroid spray compared to no intervention/placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Presence of normal olfactory function (as assessed by participants)	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1.1 ≤ 4 weeks	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.85, 1.68]
1.2 Duration of olfactory dysfunction	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐6.50 [‐7.58, ‐5.42]
1.3 Presence of normal olfactory function (as assessed with psychophysical testing)	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.3.1 ≤ 4 weeks	1	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.31 [1.16, 4.64]
1.4 Change in sense of smell (as assessed by participants)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.4.1 At ≤ 4 weeks	1	77	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.50 [‐1.38, 0.38]
1.4.2 At > 4 weeks to 3 months	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.40 [1.32, 3.48]
1.5 Change in sense of smell (as assessed with psychophysical testing)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.5.1 ≤ 4 weeks	1	77	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐2.06, 2.46]