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. 2022 Jul 29;79(10):2115–2126. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.18731

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© 2022 The Authors.

Hypertension is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — The renin angiotensin system and its therapeutic targets. ACE indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARBs, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; ASO, antisense oligonucleotides; AT₁R, angiotensin II type 1 receptor; DRI=direct renin inhibitor and siRNA, small interfering RNA.