Table 1.
Demographic data and anamnesis.
| Basic characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|
| long-COVID patients (n = 30) | healthy controls (n = 20) | |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 47.5 (±11.5) | 42.95 (±13.41) |
| Independent samples t-test (t, sig.) | t = 1.29, p = 0.202 | |
| Gender | 17 f, 13 m | 10 f, 10 m |
| Independent samples t-test (t, sig.) | t = −0.46, p = 0.651 | |
| Education in years, mean (SD) | 10.96 (±1.1) | 11 (±1.1) |
| Independent samples t-test (t, sig.) | t = −0.11, p = 0.912 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.8 (±4.4) | 22.4 (±4) |
| Independent samples t-test (t, sig.) | t = 1.02, p = 0.313 | |
| IQ (MWT-B), mean (SD) | 112.62 (±14) | 119.37 (±16.31) |
| range | 88–145 | 97–145 |
| Independent samples t-test (t, sig.) | t = −1.53, p = 0.133 | |
| Severity of COVID (WHO) (SD) | 2.45 (±1.06) | n.a. |
| range | 1–5 | |
| Time since COVID, in months | 8.65 | n.a. |
| range | 2–16 | |
| Psychometry at the time of scan | ||
| long-COVID patients (n = 30) | healthy controls (n = 20) | |
| MADRS, mean (SD) | 12.24 (± 8.46) | 2.55 (±1.79) |
| range | 2–30 | 0–6 |
| MoCa, mean (SD) | 26.21 (±2.54) | 28.05 (±1.82) |
| range | 20–30 | 24–30 |
| state anxiety (STAI X1), mean (SD) | 43 (±5.21) | 41.89 (±4.03) |
| range | 28–52 | 34–50 |
| trait anxiety (STAI X2), mean (SD) | 43.41 (±7.63) | 43. 53 (±6.22) |
| range | 14–56 | 34–56 |
Abbreviations: SD, Standard Deviation; f, female; m, male; IQ (MWT-B), premorbid IQ (measured by the German version of Multiple-Choice Vocabulary, called in German Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenz test); MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (assessment of mild cognitive dysfunction); WHO, World Health Organization (provides guidelines for scores on severity symptoms and duration of COVID-19 disease); MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; STAI, State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory.
Characters in bold font indicate statistically significant difference between patients with long-COVID and non-infected controls.