Table 2.
- Brain regions of differences in gray matter volumes between patients with long-COVID and controls.
| Anatomical regions corresponding to clusters of differences in gray matter | Co-ordinates of cluster peak | k | p (FWE-corrected at p<0.05) | TFCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-COVID patients < healthy controls | ||||
| right lingual gyrus, cerebellum, left lingual gyrus | 8 −80 −8 | 400 | 0.024 | 305 |
| right lateral occipital lobe, cuneus, lingual gyrus | 16 −92 9 10 −93 15 | 177 | 0.044 0.045 | 231 229 |
| Long-COVID patients > healthy controls | ||||
| right inferior frontal gyrus, lateral orbital gyrus, insula anterior short gyrus, posterior orbital gyrus insula anterior inferior | 40 27 −6 32 34 0 26 27 2 | 9664 | 0.005 0.006 0.008 | 592 562 512 |
| left middle and inferior temporal gyrus, anterior temporal lobe lateral part, superior temporal gyrus anterior part, superior temporal gyrus middle part | −57 0 −22 −57 −15 −14 −57 −20 −4 | 3026 | 0.019 0.027 0.027 | 382 335 333 |
| right superior middle frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus | 16 6 62 9 21 60 14 16 69 | 1142 | 0.027 0.027 0.028 | 336 333 332 |
| left amygdala, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, insula posterior long gyrus, insula anterior long gyrus | −24 −6 −12 −21 −14 −8 | 339 | 0.028 0.033 | 328 307 |
| left postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus | −51 −20 57 | 162 | 0.036 | 295 |
| right fusiform gyrus, middle and inferior temporal gyrus, parahippocampal and ambient gyrus, hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus middle part | 40 −15 −30 42 −4 −40 51 −8 −38 | 514 | 0.037 0.046 0.049 | 291 263 255 |
| left lateral occipital lobe, superior parietal gyrus, angular gyrus | −26 −69 32 −20 −64 42 | 282 | 0.039 0.044 | 284 269 |
| left middle and inferior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus | −50 −20 −27 −42 −10 −32 39 −18 −33 | 839 | 0.040 0.041 0.042 | 281 279 276 |
| left thalamus, right thalamus, left caudate nucleus | −6 −8 9 −4 4 6 −6 −2 −4 | 543 | 0.044 0.045 0.046 | 269 267 264 |
| right amygdala, pallidum, hippocampus, substantia nigra, parahippocampal and ambient gyrus | 16 −8 −10 22 −6 −18 | 244 | 0.046 0.047 | 263 260 |
Abbreviations: k, cluster size; p, probability value; FWE, family-wise error; TFCE, Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement. Anatomical labeling according to Hammers atlas.