Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of SLE patients who did or did not receive COVID-19 vaccination.
|
Vaccinated (N = 449) |
Unvaccinated (N = 465) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD; Number (%) | |||
| Age, years | 48.3 ± 13.4 | 48.8 ± 14.6 | 0.53 |
| SLE duration, years | 14.7 ± 8.6 | 14.3 ± 8.6 | 0.51 |
| Women | 410 (91.3) | 435 (93.5) | 0.20 |
| Clinical manifestations (prevalence) | |||
| Arthritis | 295 (65.7) | 293 (63.0) | 0.40 |
| Facial rash | 213 (47.4) | 221 (47.5) | 0.98 |
| Discoid rash | 46 (10.2) | 54 (11.6) | 0.51 |
| Mucosal ulceration | 61 (13.6) | 68 (14.6) | 0.65 |
| Photosensitivity | 103 (22.9) | 107 (23.0) | 0.98 |
| Raynaud’s phenomenon | 80 (17.8) | 90 (19.4) | 0.55 |
| Hemolytic anemia | 95 (21.2) | 111 (23.9) | 0.33 |
| Leukopenia (<4,000/mm3) | 151 (33.6) | 165 (35.5) | 0.56 |
| Thrombocytopenia (<100,000/mm3) | 106 (23.6) | 115 (24.7) | 0.69 |
| Lymphopenia (<1500/mm3) | 266 (59.2) | 300 (64.5) | 0.10 |
| Lymphadenopathy | 77 (17.1) | 81 (17.4) | 0.91 |
| *Neuropsychiatric | 32 (7.1) | 57 (12.3) | 0.009 |
| **Renal | 227 (50.6) | 249 (53.5) | 0.36 |
| Serositis | 77 (17.1) | 97 (20.9) | 0.15 |
| Myositis | 6 (1.3) | 23 (4.9) | 0.002 |
| Cutaneous vasculitis | 60 (13.4) | 63 (13.5) | 0.94 |
| Gastrointestinal | 34 (7.6) | 51 (11.0) | 0.08 |
| Secondary thromboembolic APS | 27 (6.0) | 30 (6.5) | 0.78 |
| SLE damage index (SDI) | 0.74 ± 1.15 | 1.10 ± 1.45 | <0.001 |
| History of stroke | 21 (4.7) | 33 (7.1) | 0.12 |
| History of coronary heart disease | 13 (2.9) | 24 (5.2) | 0.08 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | 3 (0.7) | 8 (1.7) | 0.23 |
| History of hypertension | 80 (17.8) | 109 (23.4) | 0.04 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 32 (7.1) | 26 (5.6) | 0.34 |
| Immunosuppressive medications, ever | |||
| Prednisolone | 363 (80.8) | 397 (85.3) | 0.07 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 326 (72.6) | 329 (70.8) | 0.53 |
| Azathioprine | 219 (48.8) | 229 (49.2) | 0.89 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 166 (37.0) | 174 (37.4) | 0.89 |
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 90 (20.0) | 121 (26.0) | 0.03 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 78 (17.4) | 106 (22.8) | 0.04 |
SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; SD = standard deviation; APS = antiphospholipid syndrome; SDI = SLE international collaborative clinic organ damage index.
*
those requiring immunosuppressive therapies (eg. psychosis, acute confusional state, neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, myelitis, myasthenia gravis).
**
according to American College of Rheumatology criteria for renal involvement.