Table 1. Characteristics and physical function over a five-year period in the two groups.
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | p-value | ||||
| Year factor | Age factor | Interaction | |||||||
| Height (cm) | 65–74 group | 150.8 ± 5.7 | 150.6 ± 5.8 | 150.5 ± 5.9 | 150.3 ± 6.0 | 150.0 ± 5.7 | 0.88 | * | 1.00 |
| ≥75 group | 146.6 ± 6.2 | 146.6 ± 6.3 | 146.2 ± 6.3 | 145.7 ± 6.0 | 145.5 ± 6.4 | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 65–74 group | 55.9 ± 7.4 | 56.2 ± 7.4 | 55.6 ± 7.4 | 55.8 ± 8.0 | 55.5 ± 7.5 | 0.93 | * | 0.99 |
| ≥75 group | 49.7 ± 6.8 | 49.5 ± 6.9 | 49.1 ± 6.4 | 48.4 ± 6.9 | 48.3 ± 7.1 | ||||
| 5mWS (m/s) | 65–74 group | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 0.93 | * | 0.55 |
| ≥75 group | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | ||||
| GS (kg) | 65–74 group | 22.7 ± 4.4 | 23.4 ± 4.3 | 22.3 ± 4.2 | 22.8 ± 3.0 | 21.6 ± 4.3 | 0.44 | * | 0.98 |
| ≥75 group | 21.3 ± 4.9 | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 20.9 ± 4.9 | 20.7 ± 4.2 | 20.4 ± 4.9 | ||||
| TUG (s) | 65–74 group | 6.3 ± 0.8 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 0.65 | * | 0.81 |
| ≥75 group | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.9 | ||||
| FRT (cm) | 65–74 group | 34.6 ± 7.9 | 37.64 ± 6.5 | 38.8 ± 5.1 | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 37.3 ± 4.6 | 0.06 | * | 0.33 |
| ≥75 group | 33.5 ± 6.7 | 34.9 ± 7.4 | 34.8 ± 6.2 | 34.2 ± 7.0 | 31.5 ± 6.5 | ||||
| OLST (s) | 65–74 group | 50.7 ± 17.4 | 47.9 ± 18.3 | 44.7 ± 21.2 | 47.0 ± 18.0 | 43.8 ± 21.6 | 0.58 | * | 0.99 |
| ≥75 group | 29.9 ± 24.1 | 26.9 ± 20.9 | 27.6 ± 21.9 | 27.5 ± 21.7 | 24.2 ± 22.5 | ||||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. 65–74 group: participants aged 65‒74 years; more than 75 group: participants aged ≥75 years. 65‒74 group: n=25. ≥75 group: n=45. *p<0.05. 5mWS: 5-m walking speed; GS: grip strength; TUG: timed up-and-go; FRT: functional reach test; OLST: one-leg standing time.