Table 2. Spatiotemporal parameters of each group.

Items	RHK group	CR group	KOA group	YA group	ES
	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	η2 value
Gait Speed (m/s)*	0.9 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.1	0.5
Step Length (m)**	0.5 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.2	0.3
Step Width (m)***	0.2 ± 0.4	0.1 ± 0.4	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.0	0.1
Cadence (steps/min)†	111.4 ± 10.2	116.1 ± 8.7	106.8 ± 11.8	119.7 ± 6.8	0.3

All items were compared among the four groups using analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests.

RHK: rotating hinge knee; CR: cruciate retaining; KOA: knee osteoarthritis; YA: young adults.

*The YA group has faster gait speed than the other three groups. The RHK group was significantly slower than the CR group and YA group (p<0.01 respectively).

**The YA group had a significantly longer step length than the other groups (p<0.01 respectively).

***The YA group had a narrower step width than the other three groups (p<0.01 respectively).

†The KOA group was lower than the YA group (p<0.03).