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. 2022 Sep 6;55(2):453–466. doi: 10.1007/s10578-022-01400-0

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Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Parallel mediation model for the effects of a nondirective versus a behavioral self-help intervention through therapist behavior (n = 108) on a ADHD symptom severity b ODD symptom severity c functional impairment. Note: Pre-treatment scores of outcomes and single-parent status were included as covariates in the models but are not depicted for the sake of clarity. BT behavioral intervention. ND nondirective intervention. ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ODD oppositional defiant disorder. a unstandardized regression coefficient for the effect of the intervention on a mediator. b unstandardized regression coefficient for the effect of a mediator on the outcome. c’ unstandardized regression coefficient for the direct effect of treatment on outcome, controlling for putative mediators. ab mediation effect. * significant effect