TABLE 2.
Examples of available animal‐free alternatives to animal‐derived materials and reagents, along with some resources/references
| Animal‐derived materials/reagents | Animal‐free alternatives | Possible resources/references |
|---|---|---|
| Animal sera | Serum‐free culture media and media supplements | FCS‐free database [48] |
| NC3Rs ‐ Animal‐free in vitro technologies [50] | ||
| Optimization of chemically defined cell culture media–replacing fetal bovine serum in mammalian in vitro methods [28] | ||
| Alternative to FBS in animal cell culture ‐ An overview and future perspective [63] | ||
| PETA list of Non‐Animal Cell Culture Products and Applications [64] | ||
| Animal‐derived antibodies | Recombinant animal‐free antibodies | Geneva Antibody Facility [53] |
| AntiBodies Chemically Defined Database (ABCD) [54] | ||
| PETA list of animal‐free antibodies suppliers [40] | ||
| NC3Rs ‐ Animal‐free in vitro technologies [50] | ||
| Dissociation enzymes (e.g., porcine/bovine trypsin) | Recombinant dissociation enzymes (e.g. TrypZean®, TrypLE™) or non‐enzymatic agents | TrypZean™: An Animal‐Free Alternative to Bovine Trypsin [65] |
| Tissue dissociation and primary cells isolation using recombinant collagenases class I and II [66] | ||
| SciPro Recombinant AOF Tissue Dissociation Enzymes [67] | ||
| BI Recombinant Trypsin Solutions [68] | ||
| Amsbio Animal‐Free GMP Grade Collagenases and Neutral Protease [69] | ||
| Adaptation of the HEp‐2 cell line to totally animal‐free culture systems and real‐time analysis of cell growth [70] | ||
| NC3Rs ‐ Animal‐free in vitro technologies [50] | ||
| Coating materials /extracellular matrix components /basement membrane preparations (e.g., Matrigel™, collagen, gelatin, laminin) | Synthetic materials and recombinant proteins | Synthetic alternatives to Matrigel [26] |
| Clean bioprinting ‐ Fabrication of 3D organ models devoid of animal components [71] | ||
| Recombinant collagen for animal product‐free dextran microcarriers [72] | ||
| NC3Rs ‐ Animal‐free in vitro technologies [50] | ||
| Animal‐derived growth factors, proteins | Human recombinant growth factors, proteins | How to choose your recombinant proteins, cytokines & growth‐factors [73] |
| Recombinant Proteins (R&D Systems) [74] | ||
| Recombinant Proteins (BIC) [75] | ||
| NC3Rs ‐ Animal‐free in vitro technologies [50] |