Table 5.

Complications encountered postoperatively and their effect on decannulation.

Type of complication	No. of patients		Intervention		Eventually decannulated
	Pediatric	Adult	Type	No. of patients
Granulation tissue formation	9	3	Inhaled steroids	2	2/2
			Excision	11	11/11
			Mitomycin C	4	4/4
Tracheomalaciaa	4	0	No intervention	4	4/4
Infection and extrusion of graftb	0	1	Removal of graft	1	1/1
Re-stenosis	1	3	Surgical correction	4	4/4
Persistence of hoarsenessc	1	0	No intervention	1	1/1
T-tube obstruction	0	2	Tube cleaning	1	1/1
			Tube removal	1	1/1

^aMild in nature (patients 2, 3, 5, 14 in Table 2).

^bPosterior graft in patient 8 – Table 3.

^cPatient had severe glottic/subglottic stenosis with significant involvement of the vocal cords (patient 4 – Table 2).