Table 2.
Population attributable fraction (PAF)* of non-vaccination attributed to parental vaccine hesitancy for recommended child and adolescent vaccines, National Immunization Surveys, April-June interviews, 2018–2019
| % Hesitant among Non-Vaccinated (95% CI) | % Not Vaccinated Among Hesitant (95% CI) | % Not Vaccinated Among Non-Hesitant (95% CI) | PAF (95% CI) † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All children (6 months–17 years) | ||||
| Influenza ≥1 dose | 34.5 (33.4-35.6) | 60.9 (59.5-62.4) | 34.3 (33.5-35.0) | 14.9 (13.9-16.0) |
| Childhood vaccines (among children 19–35 months) ‡ | ||||
| DTaP ≥3 doses | 47.1 (37.8-56.6) | 11.2 (8.5-14.6) | 3.9 (2.9-5.1) | 31.3 (20.2-44.9) |
| DTaP ≥4 doses | 41.6 (33.2-50.5) | 29.9 (23.1-37.8) | 13.0 (11.1-15.0) | 21.8 (13.9-32.7) |
| Poliovirus ≥3 doses | 46.7 (37.1-56.6) | 13.0 (10.1-16.6) | 4.6 (3.3-6.2) | 30.5 (18.7-45.6) |
| MMR ≥1 dose | 43.3 (34.2-52.8) | 14.8 (11.1-19.4) | 6.0 (4.7-7.6) | 24.6 (14.2-39.2) |
| Hib Primary series | 46.8 (35.7-58.3) | 14.6 (10.9-19.3) | 5.1 (3.8-6.9) | 30.8 (18.4-46.8) |
| Hib Full series | 40.8 (32.8-49.4) | 32.7 (25.7-40.6) | 14.6 (12.7-16.8) | 21.0 (13.5-31.1) |
| HepB Birth dose | 27.6 (22.8-33.0) | 29.6 (24.1-35.8) | 23.9 (21.5-26.5) | 6.5 (2.6-15.4) |
| HepB ≥3 doses | 42.5 (34.9-50.5) | 13.0 (10.1-16.5) | 5.4 (4.4-6.7) | 26.0 (17.0-37.5) |
| VAR (≥1 dose) | 42.3 (33.7-51.4) | 15.3 (11.6-19.9) | 6.4 (5.1-8.1) | 10.4 (4.5-22.4) |
| PCV ≥3 doses | 44.0 (34.8-53.5) | 13.5 (10.5-17.2) | 5.3 (4.0-7.1) | 27.2 (16.3-41.8) |
| PCV ≥4 doses | 41.2 (33.1-49.9) | 30.5 (23.6-38.3) | 13.4 (11.7-15.4) | 21.7 (13.9-32.3) |
| HepA ≥1 dose | 37.9 (31.1-45.2) | 19.4 (15.2-24.3) | 9.8 (8.2-11.6) | 18.1 (10.4-29.6) |
| HepA ≥2 doses (by 35 months) | 29.7 (26.0-33.7) | 47.7 (40.9-54.6) | 34.8 (32.3-37.4) | 7.2 (3.9-13.0) |
| Rotavirus (by age 8 months) | 36.8 (30.4-43.7) | 40.0 (32.9-47.5) | 21.2 (19.1-23.4) | 15.7 (10.2-23.5) |
| Combined 7-vaccine series§ | 35.7 (29.7-42.3) | 41.4 (34.4-48.8) | 22.9 (20.8-25.3) | 14.8 (9.6-22.2) |
| Adolescent vaccines (among adolescents 13–17 years) | ||||
| HPV vaccine ≥1 dose | 26.4 (23.5-29.6) | 46.7 (42.3-51.2) | 27.7 (25.6-29.8) | 10.8 (8.1-14.2)§ |
| MenACWY ≥1 dose | 27.3 (22.7-32.4) | 18.4 (15.2-22.0) | 10.4 (9.1-11.9) | 11.3 (6.8-18.1)§ |
| Td/Tdap ≥1 dose | 29.0 (23.1-35.8) | 14.3 (11.6-17.5) | 7.5 (6.0-9.2) | 13.3 (7.4-22.7)§ |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; DTaP = diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine; HepA = hepatitis A vaccine; HepB = hepatitis B vaccine; Hib = Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine; MMR = measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; PCV = pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; VAR = varicella vaccine; HPV = human papillomavirus vaccine; MenACWY = meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Td = tetanus-diphtheria toxoids vaccine; Tdap = tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine.
PAF = p (rr-1)/rr, where p is the proportion of hesitant individuals among the not vaccinated group of individuals and rr denotes the relative risk comparing the proportion of those who are not vaccinated among the hesitant group with the proportion of those who are not vaccinated among the non-hesitant group.
For influenza vaccine, model was adjusted for child’s age, child’s race/ethnicity, mother’s educational level, MSA status, and poverty level. For all other vaccines, model was adjusted for child’s race/ethnicity, mother’s educational level, MSA status, and poverty level.
Includes vaccinations received by age 24 months (before the day the child turns 24 months), except for the HepB birth dose, rotavirus vaccination, and ≥2 HepA doses by 35 months.
The combined 7-vaccine series (4:3:1:3:3:1:4) includes ≥4 doses of DTaP, ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, ≥1 dose of measles-containing vaccine, the full series of Hib (≥3 or ≥4 doses, depending on product type), ≥3 doses of HepB, ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine, and ≥4 doses of PCV.