Table 3.
Adjusted population attributable fraction (PAF)* of non-vaccination attributed to parental vaccine hesitancy for ≥1 dose influenza vaccination by select sociodemographic characteristics, National Immunization Surveys, April-June interviews, 2018–2019
| % Hesitant among Non-Vaccinated (95% CI) | % Not Vaccinated Among Hesitant (95% CI) | % Not Vaccinated Among Non-Hesitant (95% CI) | PAF† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s age | ||||
| 6–23 months (reference) | 43.6 (39.0-48.3) | 46.5 (41.7-51.3) | 19.7 (17.7-21.9) | 23.8 (18.9-29.6) |
| 2–4 years | 42.9 (40.0-45.7) | 57.6 (54.3-60.8) | 25.3 (23.9-26.8) | 23.0 (20.1-26.2) |
| 5–12 years | 35.8 (34.3-37.4) | 59.7 (57.6-61.7) | 32.5 (31.5-33.6) | 15.6 (14.1-17.3) |
| 13–17 years | 28.9 (27.2-30.6) | 68.9 (66.4-71.4) | 44.5 (43.0-45.9) | 10.0 (8.7-11.5) |
| Child’s race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic (reference) | 32.9 (30.4-35.5) | 52.7 (49.4-55.9) | 33.4 (31.6-35.2) | 12.4 (10.2-15.1) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 32.7 (31.3-34.1) | 68.0 (66.1-69.8) | 34.3 (33.4-35.2) | 15.4 (14.3-16.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 43.6 (40.4-46.9) | 58.2 (54.7-61.5) | 38.1 (35.6-40.6) | 15.4 (12.3-19.1) |
| Non-Hispanic other/multiple races | 34.2 (31.2-37.3) | 56.6 (52.6-60.4) | 31.9 (29.7-34.2) | 14.1 (11.3-17.3) |
| Mother’s educational level | ||||
| High school education or less (reference) | 34.8 (32.8-36.9) | 53.8 (51.3-56.3) | 37.9 (36.4-39.5) | 10.7 (8.8-12.9) |
| Some college | 35.9 (33.9-38.0) | 64.4 (61.7-66.9) | 40.0 (38.3-41.6) | 14.0 (12.2-15.9) |
| College graduate | 33.3 (31.7-35.1) | 65.1 (62.8-67.2) | 29.4 (28.3-30.4) | 17.7 (16.2-19.3) |
| MSA status | ||||
| MSA, principal city (reference) | 35.9 (33.4-38.3) | 56.1 (53.1-59.0) | 30.7 (29.1-32.3) | 16.1 (13.7-18.7) |
| MSA, non-principal city | 33.3 (31.9-34.8) | 62.1 (60.2-63.9) | 34.9 (34.0-35.9) | 14.3 (13.0-15.7) |
| Non-MSA | 37.6 (35.3-39.9) | 65.7 (62.5-68.7) | 38.8 (37.0-40.6) | 15.7 (13.7-18.0) |
| Poverty level | ||||
| Above poverty, >$75,000 (reference) | 31.6 (29.9-33.4) | 65.1 (62.7-67.5) | 29.7 (28.7-30.8) | 16.5 (15.0-18.1) |
| Above poverty, ≤$75,000 | 35.9 (34.1-37.8) | 64.5 (62.0-66.8) | 39.5 (38.0-41.0) | 14.2 (12.6-15.9) |
| At or below poverty level | 35.3 (32.5-38.2) | 50.5 (47.1-53.9) | 36.3 (34.1-38.5) | 9.8 (7.3-13.1) |
| Unknown | 38.9 (35.8-42.1) | 58.5 (54.8-62.1) | 37.1 (34.8-39.5) | 14.9 (12.1-18.2) |
*
PAF = p (rr-1)/rr, where p is the proportion of hesitant individuals among the not vaccinated group of individuals and rr denotes the relative risk comparing the proportion of those who are not vaccinated among the hesitant group with the proportion of those who are not vaccinated among the non-hesitant group.
†
Model adjusted for child’s age, child’s race/ethnicity, mother’s educational level, MSA status, and poverty level.