Table 3.
Medications by COVID-19 Disease Severity and Pre/Post-Guideline Periods
| Mild-Moderate | Severe (non-critical) | Critical | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Guideline | Post-Guideline | p-value | Pre-Guideline | Post-Guideline | p-value | Pre-Guideline | Post-Guideline | p-value | |
| N | 2606 | 10890 | 386 | 1883 | 626 | 1973 | |||
| Steroids | 474 (18.2%) | 3599 (33.0%) | < 0.001 | 182 (47.2%) | 1419 (75.4%) | < 0.001 | 469 (74.9%) | 1626 (82.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Remdesivir | 62 (2.4%) | 1669 (15.3%) | < 0.001 | 68 (17.6%) | 1039 (55.2%) | < 0.001 | 96 (15.3%) | 816 (41.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Age < 12 | 12 (0.7%) | 663 (8.7%) | < 0.001 | 23 (11.5%) | 380 (39.5%) | < 0.001 | 38 (10.9%) | 420 (35.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Age ≥ 12 | 50 (6.3%) | 1006 (30.9%) | < 0.001 | 45 (24.2%) | 659 (71.6%) | < 0.001 | 58 (20.9%) | 396 (51.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 10 (0.4%) | 19 (0.2%) | 0.038 | 10 (2.6%) | 1 (0.1%) | < 0.001 | 17 (2.7%) | 4 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Azithromycin | 146 (5.6%) | 509 (4.7%) | 0.048 | 57 (14.8%) | 182 (9.7%) | 0.003 | 54 (8.6%) | 183 (9.3%) | 0.623 |
| Tocilizumab | 0 (0) | 32 (0.3%) | 0.006 | 3 (0.8%) | 67 (3.6%) | 0.004 | 16 (2.6%) | 86 (4.4%) | 0.043 |
| Anakinra | 19 (0.7%) | 30 (0.3%) | 0.001 | 12 (3.1%) | 33 (1.8%) | 0.082 | 92 (14.7%) | 205 (10.4%) | 0.003 |
| Enoxaparin | 307 (11.8%) | 1700 (15.6%) | < 0.001 | 167 (43.3%) | 1020 (54.2%) | < 0.001 | 371 (59.3%) | 1055 (53.5%) | 0.011 |
| Ivermectin | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.2%) | 0.260 |
| Antibiotics* | 1149 (44.1%) | 3989 (36.6%) | < 0.001 | 237 (61.4%) | 974 (51.7%) | 0.001 | 544 (86.9%) | 1599 (81.0%) | 0.001 |
*
Excluding azithromycin. Disease Severity: mild-moderate, did not require ICU or have respiratory failure ICD-10 code; severe (non-critical), respiratory failure ICD-10 code or in ICU but without invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO, shock, or sepsis; critical, in ICU with invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO, shock, sepsis, or died during admission.