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. 2022 Sep 5;13:5211. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32868-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a tSNE plot shows the distribution of 26016 cells and highlighting of osteo-lineage cells (red dotted line). b Visualization of osteo-lineage cells highlighted in a with UMAP plot, which was divided into eight sub-clusters. c Dot plots showing the expression of marker genes in the eight osteo-lineage sub-clusters. Dot size represented the proportion of cells expressing specific gene in the indicated subsets and color bar represented the gene expression levels. d tSNE plot shows the distribution of cells from the eight osteo-lineage sub-clusters. e Relative proportion of cells from Defect and NSs group in each subsets. f–i Differentiation trajectory inferred by RNA velocity between Defect and NSs group after 1 week and 2 weeks of defect surgery, respectively. j, k Visualization of cells from two different trajectories between Defect and NSs group using 3D UMAP. Red arrow indicates the differentiation direction. l, m Schematic diagram of two distinct cell differentiation trajectories between Defect and NSs group.