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Formate causes intestinal epithelial injury and barrier dysfunction in vitro. Effect of Formate on HIEC-6 cells was determined using trypan blue cell viability (A) and LDH cytotoxicity assay (B) at indicated concentrations and time-points. (C) Formate inhibits the production of ATP. (D) Formate impairs the integrity of intestinal monolayer epithelial cells derived from hIESCs as measured by permeability. The * symbol indicates the value of p < 0.05.
