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. 2022 Aug 23;13:921306. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921306

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Copyright © 2022 Zhu, Huang, Li, Xiong, Chen, Zuo and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biological functions of circRNAs. (A). miRNA sponges. circRNAs can function as miRNA sponges to regulate the expression of target genes. (B). Interaction with RBPs. circRNAs can interact with RBPs to affect downstream signals. (C). Protein coding. circRNAs with IRESs and ORFs can translate certain proteins/peptides to perform special functions. (D). Transcriptional regulation. EIciRNAs and U1 small nuclear ribonucleic proteins (U1 snRNPs) are co-localized to the promoter of the parental gene and promote transcription of the parental gene with the participation of RNA polymerase II.