FIGURE 3.

Biological responses of SCAPs on Jagged1 dECMs. Stem cells isolated from apical papilla (SCAPs) were characterized by flow cytometry to examine surface protein marker expression (A). Mineralization was examined using Alizarin Red S staining on day 14 after osteogenic induction (B–C). Intracellular lipid accumulation was detected using Oil Red O staining on day 16 after adipogenic induction (D–E). Cell viability of SCAPs on dECM was determined using an MTT assay. The data were presented as mean ± SEM, and each dot represented the value from each donor (F). Cell attachment and actin arrangement were examined using phalloidin staining at 30 min, 24 h, and 7 days (G). Cell spreading was observed using scanning electron microscopic analysis (H). dECM-N; decellularized extracellular matrix derived from maintaining cells in the normal medium, dECM-OM; decellularized extracellular matrix derived from maintaining cells in the osteogenic medium.