Table 1.
Role of biofertilizers in biotic stress tolerance.
| Biofertilizers | Host plant | Pathogen | Response | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus subtilis | Atractylodes macrocephala | Ceratobasidium sp. | Inhibit growth of pathogen and promote plant growth | You et al., 2018 |
| Bacillus cereus | Arabidopsis | Botrytis cinerea | Regulates signaling pathway such as JA and MAPK | Nie et al., 2019 |
| Bacillus velezensis | Arabidopsis | Myzus persicae | Protects host plant from pathogen via systemic resistance response | Rashid et al., 2017 |
| Bacillus safensis | Vaccinium | Botrytis cinerea | Enhanced the chitinase, hydrolytic, protease production and protects plants from pathogen | Hassan et al., 2021 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Cruciferous vegetables | Xanthomonas campestris | Protects plants from pathogen via chitinase production | Mishra and Arora, 2012 |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Arabidopsis thaliana | Ralstonia solanacearum | Protects from pathogen and activates defense response in plants | Rodriguez et al., 2019 |
| Streptomyces spp. | Oryzae sativa | Xanthomonas oryzae | Provides immunity to plants and protect from disease via increasing antioxidant enzymes | Hata et al., 2021 |
| Paenibacillus polymyxa | Brassica napus | Verticillium spp. | Increased production of volatile fatty acids and antibiotics | Rybakova et al., 2017 |
| Bacillus subtilis | Solanum lycopersicum | Fusarium oxysporum | Increased expression of auxin-related genes and improved plant growth | Samaras et al., 2021 |
| Trichoderma koningii | Nicotiana tabacum | Tobacco Mosaic Virus | Enhanced proline content and pathogen-related enzymes and inhibit the growth of pathogens | Taha et al., 2021 |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Olive trees | Colletotrichum acutatum | Increased production of volatile fatty acids and improves seed germination | Sdiri et al., 2022 |
| Trichoderma harzianum | Zea mays | Curvularia lunata | Provides protection to plants from pathogen via JA signaling and platelet-activating factor | Yu et al., 2015 |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | Solanum lycopersicum | Viruses | Induced SA and JA signaling and protects plants from disease | Beris et al., 2018 |
| Bacillus endophyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Solanum lycopersicum | Spodoptera litura | Increased secondary metabolite, phytohormone production and improved plant growth | Kousar et al., 2020 |
| Bacillus subtilis | Solanum lycopersicum | Fusarium oxysporum | Increased plant growth and suppress the growth of pathogens | Sundaramoorthy and Balabaskar, 2013 |
| Bacillus sp. | Common bean | Rhizoctonia solani | Inhibit growth of pathogens via production of cyanogens and lytic enzymes | Kumar et al., 2012 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | Gossypium | Fusarium spp. | Inhibit pathogens via production of HCN and enzymes | Zain et al., 2019 |
| Bacillus halotolerans, Agrobacterium fabrum | Common bean | Alternaria sp. | Improved plant growth and increased chitinase, siderophore, and IAA production | Sendi et al., 2020 |
| P.putida | Solanum tuberosum | Phytophthora infestans | Increased production of HCN against pathogens | Anand et al., 2020 |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Crops | Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata | Increased production of volatile organic acids and inhibit pathogen growth | Don et al., 2020 |