Table 2.
Role of biofertilizers in abiotic stress tolerance.
| Biofertilizers | Host plant | Stress | Response | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacillus aryabhattai | Oryza sativa | Salinity, heavy metals | Improved salt tolerance ability via exopolysaccharide production | Sultana et al., 2020 |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | Arabidopsis | Salt | Improved plant growth via regulation of JA pathway and antioxidant enzymes | Liu et al., 2020 |
| Bacillus licheniformis | Chrysanthemum | Salt | Improved salt tolerance ability in stressed plants via production of antioxidant enzymes and Fe attainment | Zhou et al., 2017 |
| Bacillus HL3RS14 | Zea mays | Salt | Increased weight of roots and shoots via production of IAA, proline, and glycine betaine | Mukhtar et al., 2020b |
| Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. | Solanum melongena | Salt | Increase chlorophyll content and protects plants from stress | Mokabel et al., 2022 |
| Bacillus sp. | Pisum sativum | Salt | Improved plant growth and photosynthesis via antioxidant enzyme and AAC and siderophore production | Gupta et al., 2021 |
| Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Zea mays | Drought and nitrogen | Increase plant biomass and chlorophyll content | Tufail et al., 2021 |
| Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes | Glycine max | Salt | Improved plant health parameters via production antioxidant enzyme, proline contents in shoots and roots | Yasmin et al., 2020 |
| Alternaria alternata | Triticum aestivum | Drought | Improved photosynthesis via increasing antioxidant enzymes | Qiang et al., 2019 |
| Aspergillus flavus | Glycine max | Salt | Increased antioxidant enzyme activity and chlorophyll content | Asaf et al., 2018 |
| Aspergillus violaceofucus | Helianthus annuus | Heat | Improved plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content | Ismail et al., 2020 |
| Funneliformis mosseae | Trifoliate orange | Drought | Improved phenols, terpenoids and soil protein and enzyme activities | Cheng et al., 2021 |
| Glomus lomus | Date palm | Salt | Improved shoot weight and growth | Meddich et al., 2018 |
| Piriformospora indica | Triticum aestivum | Nutrient | Improved Zn uptake and root and shoot biomass | Abadi et al., 2021 |
| Piriformospora indica | Arabidopsis | Cold | Increased proline content and cold stress tolerance genes | Jiang et al., 2020 |
| Trichoderma atroviridae | Arabidopsis | Cold | Improved auxin production and cold-related gene expression | González-Pérez et al., 2018 |
| Rhizophagus intraradices | C3 plants | Salt | Improved chlorophyll content in plants | Chandrasekaran et al., 2019 |
| AMF and Bradyrhizobium japonicum | Glycine max | Drought | Increased yield and protects from stress via upregulation of CAT and POD activity | Sheteiwy et al., 2021 |
|
AMF and Rhizobium spp. Serratia marcescens |
Glycine max Lactuca sativa | Drought Salinity |
Improved plant health and microbial diversity in soil Triggered CAT, proline, and IAA production | Igiehon et al., 2021 Fortt et al., 2022 |