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Accuracy of preoperative pathological biopsy. The final biopsy results showed 196 patients with periampullary carcinoma in the entire cohort of 198. (A) Results of the first biopsy: 111 patients (56.63%) with cancer and 85 patients (43.37%) with non-cancerous lesions. (B) Seven patients diagnosed with non-cancerous lesions at the first biopsy underwent a second biopsy, and the second pathological biopsy indicated 4 cancers (57.14%) and 3 non-cancers (42.86%).
