Table 1. Patient characteristics.
| Characteristics | OPEN (n=28) | ET | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=17) | TET (n=7) | NET (n=10) | |||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 39.1±7.7 | 35.9±6.4 | 32.9±6.1 | 39.5±4.8 | 0.38 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 22.3±4.6 | 21.3±1.3 | 21.1±0.9 | 21.8±1.5 | 0.34 |
| Location, n (%) | 0.58 | ||||
| Left breast | 16 (57.1) | 10 (58.8) | 2 (28.6) | 8 (80.0) | |
| Right breast | 12 (42.9) | 7 (41.2) | 5 (71.4) | 2 (20.0) | |
| Cup size, n (%) | >0.99 | ||||
| A–B | 18 (64.3) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (85.7) | 5 (50.0) | |
| C | 7 (25.0) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (40.0) | |
| > C | 3 (10.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | |
| T, n (%) | 0.24 | ||||
| Tis | 2 (7.1) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (10.0) | |
| T1 | 12 (42.9) | 9 (52.9) | 4 (57.1) | 5 (50.0) | |
| T2 | 12 (42.9) | 4 (23.5) | 1 (14.3) | 3 (30.0) | |
| T3# | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tx | 0 | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | |
| N, n (%) | 0.43 | ||||
| N0 | 13 (46.4) | 12 (70.6) | 4 (57.1) | 8 (80.0) | |
| N1 | 10 (35.7) | 4 (23.5) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (10.0) | |
| N2 | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| N3 | 3 (10.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | |
| NAC | 10 (35.7) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 1 (10.0) | 0.02 |
*, P values represent inter-group comparison between OPEN and ET (including TET and NET). #, The 2 large unicentric carcinomas shrank to <5 cm after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. OPEN, open surgery; ET, endoscopic technique; TET, traditional endoscopic technique; NET, novel endoscopic technique; BMI, body mass index; NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy.