TABLE 1.

Traditional Chinese medicine formulas with anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.

TCM formula	Compositions	Mechanisms	Refs
Fufang-Biejia-Ruangan pill	Carapace of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Cordyceps sinensis (BerK.) Sacc.; Roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen; Hominis placenta; Fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl; Roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Roots of Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.; Roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.; Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.; Roots of Isatis indigotica Fort.	Inhibiting activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling; Inhibiting activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling; Downregulating MAPK pathway	Cai et al. (2010), Feng-Rui Yang et al. (2013), Zhang et al. (2020)
Fuzheng Huayu formula	Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.; Seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Whole herb of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino; Fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Cordyceps sinensis (BerK.) Sacc.	Altering the metabolic pathways and regulating gene expression of involved metabolic enzymes; Inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway	Hu et al. (2019), Fu et al. (2021)
Yinchenhao decoction	Whole herb of Artemisia capillaris Thunb.; Fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis; Roots of Rheum palmatum L.	Regulating bile acid metabolism and TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway	Cai et al. (2018)
PienTze Huang	Gallstone of Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin Cow bezoar; Secretion of Moschus berezovskii Flerov; Roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen; Gallbladder of Zaocys dhumnades Contor	Suppressing NF-κB pathway and promoting HSC apoptosis; Enhancing the immune process	Zheng et al. (2019), Zhu et al. (2021)
Ganshuang granule	Roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.)Nannf.; Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf; Roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.; Whole herb of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand. Mazz.; Roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.; Ear of Prunella vulgaris L.; Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.; Seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Carapace of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann; Immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L.	Inhibiting HSCs activation	Shi et al. (2017)
Herbal compound 861	Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge; Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.; Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.; Caulis of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn; Roots of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.; Roots of Cyperus rotundus L.; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco; Roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Flower of Carthamus tinctorius L.	Increasing SnoN protein expression and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway	Chi et al. (2018)
Xiaochaihu decoction	Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.; Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; Roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.; Roots of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.; Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.; Roots of Zingiber officinale Rosc.; Fruits of Ziziphus jujube Mill.; Roots of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.	Up-regulating Nrf2 pathway against oxidative stress and inhibiting activated HSCs	Li et al. (2017)
Liuwei wuling tablets	Fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill; Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.; Fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl; Roots of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling; Roots of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.; Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst.	Modulating TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways	Huimin Liu et al. (2018)
Anluo huaxian pill	Roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.; Roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen; Whitmania pigra Whitman; Pheretima aspergillum (E.Perrier); Bombyx mori Linnaeus; Roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.; Roots of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling; Gallstone of Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin Cow bezoar; Shell of Arca subcrenata Lischke;Root and bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.; Roots of Rheum palmatum L.; Fruits of Hordeum vulgare L.; Gizzard of Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson; Shell of Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus	Improving liver function, inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells, enhancing the expression of MMP-13, and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2	Wang L. et al. (2019)
Huang Qi decoction	Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.; Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.	Inhibiting Notch signaling activation	Zhang et al. (2017)
Qinggan Huoxue decoction	Roots of Bupleurum chinense DC.; Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.; Carapace of Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann; Roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi	Inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad1 signaling pathway	Wu et al. (2016)
Gan-fu-kang	Fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill; Roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax ex Pax et Hoffm.; Whole herb of Hedyotis diffusa Willd.	Downregulating Wnt/Ca2+ signaling	Jia et al. (2016)
Taohong Siwu decoction	Roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels; Roots of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.; Seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Flos of Carthamus tinctorius L.	Reducing inflammatory reaction and VEGF expression and downstream signaling transduction	Xi et al. (2016)
Xia-yu-xue decoction	Roots of Rheum palmatum L.; Seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker	Inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling pathways	Liu et al. (2015)
Ger-Gen-Chyn-Lian decoction	Roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; Roots of Coptis chinensis Franch.; Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.	Inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-mediated pathway	Chang et al. (2019)
Dahuang zhechong pill	Roots of Rheum palmatum L.; Roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi; Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.; Seeds of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; Seeds of Prunus armeniaca L.; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.; Whitmania pigra Whitman; Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker; Toxicodendri Resina; Tabanus bivittatus Matsumura; Holotrichia diomphalia Bates	Decreasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-13 through downregulating p38 and ERK phosphorylation	Cai et al. (2010)
Compound kushen injection	The roots of Kushen and Baituling with several identified bioactive alkaloids, including oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine, and sophocarpine	Rebalancing TGF-β/Smad7 signaling in HSCs	Yang et al. (2021)
Yiguanjian decoction	Radix rehmanniae (Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaetn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey.), Radix glehniae (Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.), Radix ophiopogonis (Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl.), Fructus lycii (Lycium barbarum L.), Radix Angelicae sinensis (Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), and Fructus toosendan (Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc.)	Inhibition of M1 polarization of macrophages	Xu et al. (2021)
Kangxian ruangan capsule	Artemisia capillaris (20 g), Astragalus membranaceus (10 g), Turtle shell (10 g); minister drug: Coix seed (20 g), Salvia miltiorrhiza (30 g), Angelica sinensis (10 g), Curcuma zedoaria (10 g), Ground beetle (10 g); assistant drug: Panax notoginseng (6 g), peach seed (10 g), Parched pangolin scales (6 g), ambassador drug: Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae (10 g)	Reducing HSC activation by suppressing the TGF-β1 and TLR4 signaling pathways	Liu et al. (2021)
Yinchen Wuling powder	artemisia Capillaris Herba, Polyporus Umbellatus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Atractylodes Macrocephalae Rhizoma stir-fried with wheat bran, Poria and Cinnamomi Ramulus	Regulating the imbalance of gut microbiota	Zhang et al. (2021)
Xueshisanjia no-decoction granule prescription	Turtle shell 15 g, pangolin 3 g, batryticated silkworm 10 g, ground beetle 10 g, peach kernel 10 g, bupleurum 5 g (total 53 g)	Promoting the miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis	Zhang et al. (2022)
Si-Ni-San	Roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.; Roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.; Citrus aurantium L.; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.	Alleviating inflammation, ECM accumulation, aberrant angiogenesis and apoptosis of hepatic parenchymal cells, inhibiting activation of HSCs	Siliang Wang et al. (2021)