TABLE 10.

Other extracts from TCM with anti-hepatic fibrosis effect.

Extracts	Source	Mechanisms	Refs
Water extracts from Solanum nigrum	Solanum nigrum L.	Downregulating HSCs activation by inhibiting advanced glycation end products-associated signaling pathways involved in anti-glycation and Nrf2 activity	Sha Li et al. (2018)
Graptopetalum paraguayense	Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther	Regulating HSC activation by the Inhibiting the TGF-β pathway	Zhao et al. (2015)
Semen brassicae	Brassica campeatris L.	Regulating TGF-β1/Smad, NF-κB, and AKT signaling pathways and the reduction of extracellular matrix deposition	Chen et al. (2013)
Water extract of Lonicerae japonicae	Lonicera japonica Thunb.	Inhibiting HSC activation, reducing hepatic ECM deposition, ameliorating liver oxidative stress injury and reversing EMT	Kong et al. (2013)
Ginkgo biloba extract	Ginkgo biloba L.	Regulating p38, MAPK and NF-κB/IκBα signaling to inhibit HSC activation and disrupting Bcl-2/Bax signaling to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis	Yu et al. (2019)
Glechoma hederacea extracts	Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kupr.	Downregulating NF-κB, AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad signals by interfering with HMGB1/TLR4 axis	Xiaohui Wang et al. (2019)
Germacrone	Zedoary turmeric oil	Inhibiting the activation and survival of HSCs	Li et al. (2021)
Total C-21 steroidal glycosides from baishouwu	Roots of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight	Regulating IL-1β/MyD88 inflammation signaling	Qin et al. (2021)
Red raspberry extract	Rubus idaeus L.	Inducing apoptosis and trans differentiation of activated HSCs	Wu et al. (2021)