TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of pregnant women, by MISAME-III trial arm1
| Characteristics | Control (n = 892) | Intervention (n = 865) |
|---|---|---|
| Health center catchment area | ||
| Boni | 196 (22.0) | 188 (21.7) |
| Dohoun | 94 (10.5) | 97 (11.2) |
| Dougoumato II | 169 (19.0) | 153 (17.7) |
| Karaba | 92 (10.3) | 93 (10.8) |
| Kari | 160 (17.9) | 158 (18.3) |
| Koumbia | 181 (20.3) | 176 (20.4) |
| Household | ||
| Wealth index, 0–10 points | 4.52 ± 1.74 | 4.67 ± 1.76 |
| Farming household | 640 (71.7) | 638 (73.8) |
| Household food insecurity2 | 481 (53.9) | 482 (55.7) |
| Improved primary water source3 | 554 (62.1) | 542 (62.7) |
| Improved sanitation facility4 | 531 (59.5) | 530 (61.3) |
| Insecticide-impregnated bed net | 721 (80.8) | 674 (77.9) |
| Household size | 6.20 ± 4.45 | 6.20 ± 4.22 |
| Monogamous | 399 (44.7) | 387 (44.7) |
| Polygamous | 286 (32.1) | 285 (32.9) |
| Head of household | ||
| Age, years | 33.5 ± 9.15 | 33.8 ± 9.34 |
| Male | 99.7 | 99.8 |
| Completed primary education | 59.9 | 58.8 |
| Women | ||
| Age, years | 25.2 ± 6.21 | 24.9 ± 6.18 |
| Ethnic group | ||
| Bwaba | 508 (57.0) | 494 (57.1) |
| Mossi | 318 (35.7) | 302 (34.9) |
| Other | 66 (7.39) | 69 (7.98) |
| Religion | ||
| Muslim | 378 (42.4) | 370 (42.8) |
| Animist | 205 (23.1) | 199 (23.1) |
| Protestant | 145 (16.3) | 154 (17.8) |
| Catholic | 129 (14.5) | 112 (13.0) |
| No religion, no animist | 34 (3.81) | 28 (3.24) |
| Completed primary education | 376 (42.1) | 360 (41.6) |
| Weight, kg | 58.0 ± 8.65 | 58.3 ± 8.65 |
| Height, cm | 162 ± 5.915 | 163 ± 6.05 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 22.0 ± 2.88 | 22.0 ± 2.85 |
| <18.5 kg/m² | 60 (6.73) | 63 (7.28) |
| Midupper arm circumference, mm | 263 ± 26.9 | 262 ± 26.2 |
| Subscapular skinfold, mm | 11.9 ± 5.50 | 12.0 ± 5.57 |
| Tricipital skinfold, mm | 11.8 ± 4.78 | 12.0 ± 4.84 |
| Hb, g/dl | 11.4 ± 1.47 | 11.3 ± 1.52 |
| Anemia (Hb <11g/dl) | 327 (36.7) | 334 (38.6) |
| Severe anemia (Hb <7g/dl) | 2 (0.22) | 2 (0.23) |
| Gestational age, weeks | 11.4 ± 4.05 | 11.5 ± 4.03 |
| Trimester of gestation | ||
| First | 567 (63.6) | 538 (62.2) |
| Second | 325 (36.4) | 327 (37.8) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 191 (21.4) | 200 (23.1) |
| 1–2 | 318 (35.7) | 291 (33.6) |
| ≥3 | 383 (42.9) | 374 (43.2) |
1
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD. Abbreviations: Hb, hemoglobin; MISAME-III, Micronutriments pour la Santé de la Mère et de l'Enfant study 3.
2
Assessed using FANTA/USAID's Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (53).
3
Protected-well, borehole, pipe, or bottled water were considered improved water sources.
4
A flush toilet connected to local sewage or septic tank or a pit latrine with slab and/or ventilation were considered improved sanitation facilities.
5
The height of 1 woman with a physical disability could not be measured.