TABLE 2.
FG diversity score and the proportion of women consuming individual FGs and achieving MDD-W during pregnancy, by study month1
| Oct ‘19 | Nov ‘19 | Dec ‘19 | Jan ‘20 | Feb ‘20 | Mar ‘20 | Apr ‘20 | May ‘20 | Jun ‘20 | Jul ‘20 | Aug ‘20 | Sept ‘20 | Oct ‘20 | Nov ‘20 | Dec ‘20 | Jan ‘21 | Feb ‘21 | Mar ‘21 | Apr ‘21 | May ‘21 | Jun ‘21 | Jul ‘21 | Aug ‘212 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All starchy staples | 100 | 95.8 | 96.4 | 97.5 | 98.4 | 97.9 | 96.6 | 95.9 | 95.7 | 97.6 | 97.3 | 97.6 | 98.2 | 98.4 | 97.9 | 97.3 | 97.3 | 97.7 | 98.9 | 98.9 | 98.1 | 100 | 100 | 97.3 |
| Beans and peas | 75.0 | 31.2 | 21.3 | 18.0 | 15.7 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 14.9 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 20.6 | 25.1 | 21.1 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 11.8 | 9.41 | 11.9 | 0 | 16.5 |
| Nuts and seeds | 50.0 | 43.5 | 39.7 | 37.8 | 33.4 | 36.0 | 34.0 | 31.8 | 30.5 | 32.3 | 30.9 | 41.5 | 48.9 | 48.5 | 42.8 | 40.9 | 38.3 | 31.6 | 37.0 | 31.9 | 38.4 | 26.3 | 0 | 37.4 |
| Dairy | 25.0 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 13.2 | 10.6 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 10.0 | 9.92 | 12.6 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 12.3 | 14.3 | 0 | 12.4 |
| Flesh foods | 62.5 | 49.8 | 54.6 | 54.1 | 53.5 | 56.1 | 57.9 | 59.8 | 51.8 | 54.0 | 55.6 | 51.7 | 51.6 | 52.4 | 54.3 | 57.9 | 54.2 | 58.0 | 54.0 | 58.4 | 58.7 | 54.8 | 100 | 54.2 |
| Egg | 12.5 | 5.13 | 3.47 | 3.75 | 2.34 | 3.42 | 2.99 | 3.81 | 3.97 | 4.42 | 4.61 | 3.99 | 3.96 | 3.68 | 4.18 | 3.89 | 2.91 | 4.03 | 2.99 | 3.70 | 4.31 | 4.17 | 0 | 3.84 |
| Dark green, leafy vegetables | 75.0 | 74.7 | 77.7 | 78.6 | 82.9 | 84.1 | 84.2 | 83.6 | 86.4 | 91.3 | 90.3 | 89.0 | 87.4 | 87.3 | 86.1 | 86.7 | 86.0 | 84.3 | 86.3 | 87.9 | 90.8 | 86.7 | 100 | 85.8 |
| Vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables | 12.5 | 7.09 | 7.77 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 25.4 | 48.5 | 47.4 | 32.8 | 17.8 | 7.19 | 6.14 | 7.59 | 8.55 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 12.1 | 29.0 | 44.3 | 33.6 | 26.7 | 8.41 | 0 | 20.0 |
| Other vegetables | 62.5 | 44.3 | 45.1 | 56.8 | 61.9 | 64.2 | 66.0 | 55.5 | 35.8 | 30.4 | 42.1 | 62.6 | 63.7 | 48.6 | 51.2 | 63.5 | 67.7 | 68.4 | 65.9 | 57.4 | 49.6 | 44.3 | 0 | 53.9 |
| Other fruits | 12.5 | 17.3 | 19.7 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 24.2 | 32.6 | 22.0 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 16.9 | 19.7 | 18.8 | 17.0 | 15.1 | 13.6 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 33.5 | 0 | 17.8 |
| FG diversity score (0–10)3 | 4.0 (4.0, 5.0)4.9 ± 2.2 | 3.7 (2.7, 4.7)3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.5 (2.8, 4.5)3.8 ± 1.4 | 3.7 (2.8, 4.6)3.8 ± 1.4 | 3.7 (3.0, 4.5)3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0)4.1 ± 1.4 | 4.2 (3.0, 5.1)4.2 ± 1.5 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0)4.1 ± 1.3 | 3.7 (2.8, 4.6)3.8 ± 1.4 | 3.6 (2.8, 5.0)3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.5 (2.8, 4.6)3.8 ± 1.4 | 3.8 (3.0, 4.8)4.0 ± 1.4 | 4.0 (3.1, 4.9)4.1 ± 1.4 | 3.9 (3.0, 5.0)4.0 ± 1.5 | 3.8 (3.0, 5.0)4.0 ± 1.6 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0)4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.0 (3.0, 4.8)4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.0 (3.0, 5.0)4.2 ± 1.5 | 4.3 (3.5, 5.0)4.3 ± 1.4 | 3.9 (3.0, 5.0)4.1 ± 1.6 | 4.0 (3.0, 4.6)4.0 ± 1.4 | 3.4 (3.0, 4.8)3.8 ± 1.5 | 3.0 (3.0, 3.0)3.0 | 3.9 (3.1, 4.7)4.0 ± 1.35 |
| MDD-W | 37.5 | 29.8 | 29.3 | 31.0 | 30.6 | 38.1 | 43.4 | 40.1 | 31.7 | 33.3 | 28.2 | 32.6 | 36.3 | 32.9 | 34.2 | 36.1 | 32.8 | 39.3 | 42.0 | 35.6 | 32.2 | 26.9 | 0 | 34.46 |
| ≥6 FGs | 12.5 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 16.8 | 20.1 | 21.1 | 19.1 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 0 | 17.0 |
| Sample size4 | 8 (50.0) | 112 (50.9) | 198 (50.5) | 299 (50.8) | 439 (48.5) | 576 (50.0) | 587 (48.2) | 810 (50.5) | 816 (49.6) | 740 (48.5) | 783 (49.3) | 875 (49.3) | 906 (49.4) | 829 (49.5) | 740 (48.9) | 669 (48.4) | 598 (48.0) | 266 (49.6) | 367 (47.1) | 224 (47.8) | 98 (44.9) | 14 (50.0) | 1 (100) | 1,757 (50.8) |
1
Data are percentages unless otherwise stated. Abbreviations: FG, food group; MDD-W, Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women.
2
The last prenatal, qualitative, list-based, 24-hour FG recall was on August 6, 2021.
3
Median (P25, P75) and mean ± SD.
4
Number (% intervention arm).
5
The monthly aggregated between-person SD was 1.3 (n = 1757), the within-person SD was 0.7 food groups (n = 1743), and the mean number of monthly observations was 6.2.
6
The monthly aggregated between-person SD was 31.9 percentage points (n = 1757), while the within-person SD was 23.1 percentage points (n = 1743).