Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 23;13:952954. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952954

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cellular immunity. T cells can differentiate into Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, which can secrete various cytokines. Th1 cells can secrete IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and the above cytokines acting on Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) can induce their synthesis and release of hyaluronan (HA). IL-1β also stimulates OFs to differentiate into adipocytes. Th2 cells release IL-5, IL-10, and IL-4, which stimulate B cells and participate in humoral immunity. IL-4 also stimulates OFs to produce collagen, which participates in the GO fibrosis response. Th17 cells mainly secreted IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22, among which IL-17A promoted TGF-β-induced fibrosis of CD90+ OFs while inhibiting 15-deoxy-△12,14-PGJ2-induced adipogenesis of CD90-OFs. Treg cells mainly secrete IL-10 and TGF-β. IL-10 induces T cells to differentiate into pathogenic Th17 cells. TGF-β induces OFs to produce HA and induce OFs to differentiate into myofibroblasts. The inflammatory mediator (Il-1β) that promotes adipogenesis activates CD90- OFs to differentiate into adipocytes. In contrast, CD90+ orbital fibroblasts were activated by TGF-β and differentiated into myofibroblasts. By Figdraw (www.figdraw.com).