Table 1:
Demographics and clinical characteristics
| Definite or suspected LRTI (n=276) | No evidence of LRTI (n=121) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Sex | ·· | ·· | 0·66 |
| Male | 158 (57%) | 66 (55%) | ·· |
| Female | 118 (43%) | 55 (45%) | ·· |
| Age | ·· | · | <0·0001 |
| <6 months | 97 (35%) | 20 (17%) | ·· |
| 6 months to <2 years | 88 (32%) | 36 (30%) | ·· |
| 2–5 years | 38 (14%) | 14 (12%) | ·· |
| >5 years | 53 (19%) | 51 (42%) | ·· |
| Race or ethnicity | ·· | ·· | 0·52 |
| White | 168 (61%) | 73 (60%) | ·· |
| Black or African American | 56 (20%) | 17 (14%) | ·· |
| Asian | 11 (4%) | 7 (6%) | ·· |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | ·· |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | ·· |
| More than one race | 5 (2%) | 4 (3%) | ·· |
| Unknown | 32 (12%) | 18 (15%) | ·· |
| Hispanic or Latino | 54 (20%) | 19 (16%) | 0·40 |
| Intensive care unit† | |||
| A | 17 (6%) | 10 (8%) | 0·0005 |
| B | 64 (23%) | 43 (36%) | ·· |
| C | 12 (4%) | 15 (12%) | ·· |
| D | 31 (11%) | 18 (15%) | ·· |
| E | 100 (36%) | 21 (17%) | ·· |
| F | 47 (17%) | 5 (4%) | ·· |
| G | 3 (1%) | 5 (4%) | ·· |
| H | 2 (1%) | 4 (3%) | ·· |
| Comorbidities‡ | 117 (42%) | 49 (40%) | 0·74 |
| Top five most frequent comorbidities§ | |||
| Neurological disease | 45 (16%) | 25 (21%) | 0·32 |
| Chronic airway or lung disease | 51 (18%) | 15 (12%) | 0·15 |
| Congenital anomaly or chromosomal defect | 36 (13%) | 14 (12%) | 0·74 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 29 (11%) | 10 (8%) | 0·58 |
| Cancer | 9 (3%) | 6 (5%) | 0·40 |
| Immunosuppressed | 10 (4%) | 12 (10%) | 0·016 |
| Admission category | ·· | ·· | <0.0001 |
| Medical | 275 (100%) | 75 (62%) | ·· |
| Surgical | 1 (<1%) | 20 (17%) | ·· |
| Trauma | 0 | 26 (21%) | ·· |
| Time from hospital admission to intubation, h | 5·45 (0·00–19·97) | 2·52 (0·00–20·65) | 0·19 |
| Paediatric risk of mortality III score | 4 (0–8) | 8 (3–12) | <0·0001 |
| Antibiotics in previous 7 days before intubation | 100 (36%) | 34 (28%) | 0·13 |
| Antibiotics on the day of intubation | 244 (88%) | 88 (73%) | 0·0002 |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 16 (3, 378) | 19 (5, 116) | 0·034 |
| Intensive care unit length of stay, days | 11 (3, 216) | 9 (3, 76) | 0·0041 |
| Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrom¶ | 94 (34%) | 26 (21%) | 0·013 |
Data are n (%), median (IQR), or median (min, max). LRTI=lower respiratory tract infections.
*
Intensive care units are referred to by letters to avoid linking data to specific sites. Intensive care units are listed in the appendix (p 2)
†
Wilcoxon rank sum test used for all continuous variables; Fisher’s exact test used for all categorical variables.
‡
Complex chronic conditions.13
§
Patients might have more than one comorbidity.
¶
According to the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference definition.