Table 2.

Summary of definition of patients with cancer in included studies.

Author	Definition of patients with cancer
Jung et al. 12	Patients who had (a) cryptogenic stroke with advanced or metastatic cancer at the time of stroke onset; and (b) elevated D-dimer levels (>1.11 mg/mL) and/or diffusion-restricted lesions in multiple vascular territories.
Cho et al. 17	Patients (1) with any diagnosis of current or previous metastatic disease, (2) undergoing current treatment for malignancy, (3) who refused treatment for current cancer, (4) who received first diagnosis of cancer during hospitalization after the onset of stroke.
Lee et al. 2019 13	Patients (1) with any metastatic disease, (2) undergoing current treatment for a malignancy, (3) offered treatment for a malignancy, but declined.
Ozaki et al. 14	Patients (1) actively receiving treatment (such as radiation, therapy or chemotherapy) for malignancy or (2) being treated conservatively for current active malignancy.
Lee et al. 2021 15	Patients (1) currently undergoing or refusing treatment for malignancy, (2) with cancer diagnosed during hospitalization for stroke.
Ciolli et al. 16	Patients (1) with cancer diagnosis occurred within six months before stroke, (2) treated for cancer within the previous six months, or 3- with recurrent or metastatic cancer.
Verschoof et al. 18	Patients with (1) cancer diagnosis within 12 months prior to stroke, (2) metastatic disease, or (3) cancer treatment in the last 30 days, (4) who declined cancer treatment.