Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants (n = 3,456).
| Demographic characteristic | N | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1,570 | 45.40% |
| Female | 1,886 | 54.60% |
| Age (group) | ||
| 60~ | 1,438 | 41.60% |
| 70~ | 1,458 | 42.20% |
| 80~ | 560 | 16.20% |
| Education level | ||
| Illiteracy | 398 | 11.50% |
| Elementary school | 1,477 | 42.70% |
| Elementary school | 865 | 25.00% |
| High school or above | 716 | 20.70% |
| Job | ||
| Farmer | 1,100 | 31.80% |
| Worker | 1,725 | 49.90% |
| Other | 631 | 18.30% |
| Marital status | ||
| Living with spouse | 2,855 | 82.60% |
| Living without spouse | 601 | 17.40% |
| Monthly income | ||
| <1,000 RMB | 893 | 25.80% |
| 1,000~2,999 RMB | 1,797 | 52.00% |
| ≥3,000 RMB | 766 | 22.20% |
| Primary caretaker | ||
| Spouse | 1,989 | 57.60% |
| Non-spouse | 1,203 | 34.80% |
| Live alone | 264 | 7.60% |
| Self-report Impaired vision | ||
| Yes | 786 | 22.70% |
| No | 2,670 | 77.30% |
| Self-report impaired hearing | ||
| Yes | 696 | 20.10% |
| No | 2,760 | 79.90% |
| Self-report impaired mobility | ||
| Yes | 414 | 12.00% |
| No | 3,042 | 88.00% |
| Self-report impaired speech | ||
| Yes | 299 | 8.70% |
| No | 3,157 | 91.30% |
| Number of somatic chronic conditions | ||
| 0 | 1,376 | 39.80% |
| 1 | 1,931 | 55.90% |
| ≥2 | 149 | 4.30% |
| Use assistive devices | ||
| Yes | 1,193 | 34.50% |
| No | 2,263 | 65.50% |
| ADL | ||
| No dependence | 3,048 | 88.20% |
| Mild dependence | 284 | 8.20% |
| Moderate and severe dependence | 124 | 3.60% |