Table 4.
Characteristics of individuals in different potential groups based on participation level by the latent profile analysis (n = 3,456).
| Variables |
Class one (n = 872) |
Class two (n = 1,903) |
Class three (n = 681) |
χ2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 1.005 | 0.605 | |||
| Male | 400 (45.9%) | 851 (44.7%) | 319 (46.8%) | ||
| Female | 472 (54.1%) | 1,052 (55.3%) | 362 (53.2%) | ||
| Age (group) | 134.142 | <0.01 | |||
| 60~ | 486 (55.7%) | 749 (39.4%) | 203 (29.8%) | ||
| 70~ | 314 (36.0%) | 822 (43.2%) | 322 (47.3%) | ||
| 80~ | 72 (8.3%) | 332 (17.4%) | 156 (22.9%) | ||
| Education level | 32.606 | <0.01 | |||
| Illiteracy | 120 (13.8%) | 210 (11.0%) | 68 (10.0%) | ||
| Elementary school | 330 (37.8%) | 839 (44.1%) | 308 (45.2%) | ||
| Middle school | 240 (27.5%) | 492 (25.9%) | 133 (19.5%) | ||
| High school or above | 182 (20.9%) | 362 (19.0%) | 172 (25.3%) | ||
| Job | 169.052 | <0.01 | |||
| Farmer | 364 (41.7%) | 594 (31.2%) | 142 (20.9%) | ||
| Worker | 401 (46.0%) | 863 (45.3%) | 461 (67.7%) | ||
| Other | 107 (12.3%) | 446 (23.4%) | 78 (11.5%) | ||
| Marital status | 3.437 | 0.179 | |||
| Living with spouse | 717 (82.2%) | 1,590 (83.6%) | 548 (80.5%) | ||
| Living without spouse | 155 (17.8%) | 313 (16.4%) | 133 (19.5%) | ||
| Monthly income | 75.159 | <0.01 | |||
| <1,000 RMB | 289 (33.1%) | 461 (24.2%) | 143 (21.0%) | ||
| 1,000~2,999 RMB | 424 (48.6%) | 1,054 (55.4%) | 319 (46.8%) | ||
| ≥3,000 RMB | 159 (18.2%) | 388 (20.4%) | 219 (32.2%) | ||
| Offspring | 15.01 | <0.01 | |||
| 0 | 10 (1.1%) | 23 (1.2%) | 13 (1.9%) | ||
| 1 | 294 (33.7%) | 578 (30.4%) | 255 (37.4%) | ||
| ≥2 | 568 (65.1%) | 1,302 (68.4%) | 413 (60.6%) | ||
| Primary caretaker | 56.488 | <0.01 | |||
| Spouse | 562 (64.4%) | 1,008 (53.0%) | 419 (61.5%) | ||
| Non-spouse | 228 (26.1%) | 761 (40.0%) | 214 (31.4%) | ||
| Live alone | 82 (9.4%) | 134 (7.0%) | 48 (7.0%) | ||
| Self-report impaired vision | 28.015 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 173 (19.8%) | 407 (21.4%) | 206 (30.2%) | ||
| No | 699 (80.2%) | 1,496 (78.6%) | 475 (69.8%) | ||
| Self-report impaired hearing | 112.174 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 115 (13.2%) | 349 (18.3%) | 232 (34.1%) | ||
| No | 757 (86.8%) | 1,554 (81.7%) | 449 (65.9%) | ||
| Self-report impaired mobility | 136.455 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 84 (9.6%) | 160 (8.4%) | 170 (25.0%) | ||
| No | 788 (90.4%) | 1,743 (91.6%) | 511 (75.0%) | ||
| Self-report impaired speech | 147.339 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 17 (1.9%) | 151 (7.9%) | 131 (19.2%) | ||
| No | 855 (98.1%) | 1,752 (92.1%) | 550 (80.8%) | ||
| Number of chronic diseases | 348.515 | <0.01 | |||
| 0 | 499 (57.2%) | 777 (40.8%) | 100 (14.7%) | ||
| 1 | 311 (35.7%) | 1,057 (55.5%) | 563 (82.7%) | ||
| ≥2 | 62 (7.1%) | 69 (3.6%) | 18 (2.6%) | ||
| Use assistive devices | 92.476 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 211 (24.2%) | 658 (34.6%) | 324 (47.6%) | ||
| No | 661 (75.8%) | 1,245 (65.4%) | 357 (52.4%) | ||
| ADL | 357.79 | <0.01 | |||
| No dependence | 816 (93.6%) | 1,753 (92.1%) | 479 (70.2%) | ||
| Mild dependence | 53 (6.1%) | 126 (6.6%) | 105 (15.4%) | ||
| Moderate and severe dependence | 3 (0.3%) | 24 (1.3%) | 98 (14.4%) |