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. 2022 Sep 6;30:36. doi: 10.1186/s12998-022-00445-1

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Experimental methodology & manipulation devices. Xray of miniature pressure sensor inserted in the L4-L5 intervertebral disc (A) with an enlargement showing the sensor (*) projecting from the tip of a 18 gauge needle (B). Photos of commercially available Activator V® and Pulstar® devices that deliver spinal manipulative impulses of 2-3 ms duration. C. Photos of anesthetized feline on a hinged motorized flexion device in the horizontal and 20° flexion position