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. 2022 Sep 5;10:145. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01323-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Dental plaque hedgehogs contain corncobs of mixed composition. Hedgehog structures are identified in plaque by the presence of a cluster of Corynebacterium filaments with corncobs at the periphery. Family- and genus-level probes (top in each pair of images) show corncobs composed of cells of genera Streptococcus (green), Porphyromonas (blue), and Corynebacterium (magenta) and family Pasteurellaceae (yellow). Species-level probes (bottom in each pair of images) show that the Streptococcus population in a given hedgehog can contain mostly S. cristatus (cyan) (A), mostly S. mitis/oralis/infantis (red) (B), or a mixture of both S. cristatus and S. mitis/oralis/infantis (C). Mixed corncob communities in hedgehogs can also contain Porphyromonas together with both S. cristatus and S. mitis/oralis/infantis (D, E), and may also contain cells of family Pasteurellaceae as an additional, outer layer on the corncobs (F)