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. 2022 Sep 5;10:145. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01323-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Individual corncobs can contain single or multiple species of Streptococcus. Genus probes (top in each pair of images) show the overall structure of corncobs and distinguish between the central filament (Corynebacterium) and the surrounding Streptococcus (green) or Porphyromonas (blue). Staining of the central filament is sometimes absent and in these cases its identity is not confirmed. Species probes (bottom in each pair) distinguish between S. cristatus (cyan) and S. mitis/oralis/infantis (red). “Pure” corncobs were those in which all the imaged cells around the central filament hybridized to the same probe, targeting S. cristatus (A), S. mitis/oralis/infantis (B), a third species of Streptococcus not identified with the set of probes used (C), or Porphyromonas (D). “Mixed” corncobs contained more than one type of cells surrounding the central filament: S. cristatus and S. mitis/oralis/infantis (E), S. cristatus and Porphyromonas sp. (F), S. mitis/oralis/infantis and Porphyromonas sp. (G), S. cristatus, S. mitis/oralis/infantis and Porphyromonas sp. (H). Different types are sometimes near each other in the same field of view, e.g., in G a mixed corncob of S. mitis/oralis/infantis and Porphyromonas sp. (arrow), and a pure corncob of S. cristatus (△) are observed